NOTICE: Return or renew all Library Materials! The Minimum Fee (or each Lost Book is $50.00.
The person charging this material is responsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below.
Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books are reasons for discipli- nary action and may result in dismissal from the University.
To renew call Telephone Center, 333-8400
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Alternates
https://archive.org/details/anglosaxondictioOObosw
AN
ANGLO-SAXON DICTIONARY
BASED ON THE MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS
OF THE LATE
JOSEPH BOSWORTH, D.D., F.R.S.
RAWLINSONIAN PROFESSOR OF ANGLO-SAXON IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.
EDITED AND ENLARGED
T. NORTHCOTE TOLLER, M.A.
LATE FELLOW OF CHRIST’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE ;
AND SMITH PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH IN THE OWENS COLLEGE, MANCHESTER.
3? A 3R,T I. A — FIR.
Qxfox'b:
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS.
M DCCC LXXXII.
[ All rights reserved. ]
& o n b o n
HENEY FROWDH
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE
7 PATERNOSTER ROW
NOTE.
The present Section completes the main work. A Supplement will be published as soon as possible, and titles will then be supplied, together with full in- structions for the binder.
Parts I— III may still be purchased separately, price Fifteen Shillings each; and Part IV, Section i, price Eight Shillings and Sixpence.
Anglo-Saxon Dictionary , Part IV , Section 2.
ets ""Tg^***
“^PRELIMINARY NOTICE.
The publication of the first instalment of this work calls for a few words of explanation. The late Dr. Bosworth devoted much time and labour to the preparation of a second edition of his Dictionary, but at the time of his death only the 288 pages which form Part I of the present issue had been finally revised by him. So much progress, however, had been made with some succeeding sheets that it would have been a matter of con- siderable difficulty to make any but slight alterations in them. Consequently, after careful consideration, it was thought better to leave unchanged in the text certain points which would have involved extensive modifications, and, when the work should be complete, to note such in the Preface or Appendix. Only one or two of them will be mentioned here. In the first place, in the arrangement of the words it might have been well to deviate from the method followed in the first edition, e. g. to take a separately and not to treat it as if it were ae ; and to separate the short from the long vowels. That the plan followed in the latter case is not, however, without its convenience in practice, seems to have been recognised by Grein, who, in the second volume of his Poetical Dictionary, employs it instead of separating short vowels from long as he had done in Vol. I ; and the accent, it may be thought, distinguishes sufficiently between a , d, &c. Again, words will be found in which Dr. Bosworth differs from other scholars in regard to the character of a vowel, e. g. he divides for into for and /or, while at the same time he has given cognate forms which shew that such a distinction is not justified. Though in these and other instances alterations might be desirable, yet the work, as it stood, contained, in the number of passages it offered to illustrate the meanings of words and in other respects, so much material which it is the object of a Dictionary to furnish, that deficiencies in the directions indicated above, it was thought, did not so seriously detract from its value as to make change absolutely necessary. Further, Dr. Bosworth’s death has made it impossible to confer with him on points where doubt or difference of opinion might arise; and it was with some hesitation, more especially at first, that conclusions at which he had arrived, though they might not gain assent, were set aside. The work, no doubt, admits of im- provement ; but those who are best able to detect its shortcomings will be best able to appreciate the difficulties attending such a compilation ; and it may be expected that at least English scholars will not judge too severely one whose zeal for the study of English was proved by his attempt to compile an Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, and by his foundation of the Anglo-Saxon Chair in the University of Cambridge.
One other point remains to be mentioned — the length of time between Dr. Bosworth’s death and the appearance of this portion of the work he had begun. It was some years before the labour, which his death had interrupted, was resumed; and it was then found that the MS. was so incomplete that in many parts little had been added to the first edition. The work to be done, therefore, was not merely to prepare for the press material collected by Dr. Bosworth, but rather to get together fresh matter ; a work in which rapid progress was at least not easy. Omissions and errors will certainly be found, and the Editor will be grateful to those who, when using the Dictionary, may notice such and point them out to him.
172867
May 10, 1882.
EXPLANATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CONTRACTIONS,
[Contractions used in Grein’s Lexicon Poeticum are given separately on the next page.]
ffillfc. Gl; Som; 'Wrt. Voc. ffilfric’s Glossary given at the end of Somner’s Dictionary, and in A Volume of Vocabularies, edited by Thomas Wright (First Series, 1857).
ZElfc. Gr ; Som. ffilfric’s Grammar, at the end of Somner’s Dic- tionary.
ffillfc. T. Grn. ffilfric de veteri et de novo testamento, in Grein’s edition of the Heptateuch.
Alis. King Alisaunder, in Weber’s Metrical Romances.
Andr. Kmbl. The Legend of St. Andrew, edited by Kemble for the ffilfric Society.
An. Lit. Anecdota Literaria, by T. Wright.
Apstls. Kmbl. The Fates of the Twelve Apostles; a fragment, in Part II. of The Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, edited by Kemble for the ffilfric Society.
A. It. The Ancren Riwle, edited for the Camden Society by J. Morton.
Ayenb. Dan Michel’s Ayenbite of Inwyt, edited for the Early English Text Society by R. Morris.
Basil admn. The Anglo-Saxon remains of St. Basil’s Admonitio ad filium spiritualem, edited by H. W. Norman.
Bd; S. The Anglo-Saxon version of Bede’s Ecclesiastical History, edited by Smith.
Beo. Th. The Anglo-Saxon poem of Beowulf, edited by Thorpe.
Blickl. Gl. Blickling Glosses, at the end of the Blickling Homilies.
Blickl. Homl. The Blickling Homilies, edited for the Early English Text Society by R. Morris.
Boutr. Scrd. Screadunga, edited by C. G. Bouterwek.
Bt ; Pox. King Alfred’s Anglo-Saxon version of Boethius De Consola- tione Philosophise, edited by Fox (in Bohn’s Antiquarian Library).
Bt. Met. Pox. The Anglo-Saxon version of the Metres of Boethius, at the end of the previous work.
Byrht. Th.. The Battle of Maldon, in Thorpe’s Analecta Anglo- Saxonica.
Cant. Abac. Canticum Abacuc Prophet®, in Ps. Lamb., q. v.
Cant. Moys. Canticum Moysis, at the end of Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
Cd ; Th. Caedmon’s Metrical Paraphrases of parts of the Holy Scrip- tures, edited by Thorpe.
Chart. Th. Diplomatarium Anglicum ffivi Saxonici, edited by Thorpe.
Chauc. Chaucer.
Chr ; Erl. T wo of the Saxon Chronicles, edited by Earle.
Cod. Dipl. Kmbl. Codex Diplomaticus ffivi Saxonici, edited by Kemble.
Coll. Monast. Th. .ffilfric’s Colloquy, in Thorpe’s Analecta Anglo- Saxonica.
Confess. Peccat. Confessio Peccatorum, in Ps. Lamb., q. v.
Cot. Lye. A MS. of the Cotton Library quoted by Lye in his Dictionary.
Deut. Deuteronomy, in Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
E. D. S. English Dialect Society.
Elen. Kmbl. Elene, or the Recovery of the Cross, edited by Kemble for the ffilfric Society.
Ex. Exodus, in Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
Exon. Th. Codex Exoniensis, edited by Thorpe.
Pins. Th. The Fight at Finnesburg, at the end of Thorpe’s Beowulf.
Frag. Kmbl. A Fragment, Moral and Religious, in Part II. of The Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, edited by Kemble.
Gen. Genesis, in Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
Grff. Althochdeutscher Sprachschatz von Graff.
Grmm'. A. u. E. Andreas und Elene, herausgegeben von Jacob Grimm.
Grmm. D. M. Deutsche Mythologie von Jacob Grimm. Zweite ausgabe.
Grmm. Gesch. D. S. Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache von Jacob Grimm. Dritte auflage.
Grn. B. A. Deutsche Rechtsalterthiimer von Jacob Grimm. Zweite ausgabe.
Guthl ; Gdwin. The Anglo-Saxon version of the Life of St. Guthlac, edited by C. W. Goodwin.
Halliw. Diet. Halliwell’s Dictionary of archaic and provincial words.
Herb. Herbarium in Vol^I. of Saxon Leechdoms.
Hexam. Norm. The Anglo-Saxon version of the Hexameron of St. Basil, edited by H. W. Norman.
Homl. Skt. ffilfric’s Lives of Saints, edited for the Early English Text Society by W. W. Skeat.
Homl. Th. The Homilies of ffilfric, edited for the ffilfric Society by B. Thorpe.
Hpt. Gl. Angelsachsische Glossen, von Bouterwek mitgetheilt in Haupts Zeitschrift ix. (quoted from Leo’s Angelsachsische Glossar).
H. B . Legends of the Holy Rood, edited for the Early English Text So- ciety by R. Morris.
Hymn. Surt. The Latin Hymns of the Anglo-Saxon Church, edited for the Surtees Society by J. Stevenson.
Icel. Icelandic; the references, being to Cleasby and Vigfusson’s Ice- landic Dictionary.
Jn. Skt. The Gospel of St. John, edited by Skeat. v. Mk. Skt.
Jos. Joshua, in Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
Jud. Judges, in Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
Judth; Thw. The poem of Judith, at the end of Thwaites’ Hepta- teuch.
Jul. The Liflade of St. Juliana, edited for the Early English Text Society by Cockayne.
L. Alf; Th. The Laws of King Alfred, in Thorpe’s Ancient Laws and Institutes. The other contractions, being the same as those used by Thorpe, are not given here.
Laym. The Brut of Lajamon, edited by Sir F. Madden.
Lchdm. i. ii. iii. Leechdoms, Wortcunning and Starcraft of Early Eng- land, edited by Cockayne (Master of the Rolls’ series, 3 vols.).
Lev. Leviticus, in Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
Lk. Skt. The Gospel of St. Luke, edited by Skeat. v. Mk. Skt.
L.M; Lchdm. v. Lchdm. (L. M. = Liber Medicinalis.)
L. Med. ex Q,uadr ; Lchdm. v. Lchdm.
Menol. Fox. Menologium or Poetical Calendar of the Anglo-Saxons, edited by Fox.
Met. Homl. English Metrical Homilies from MSS. of 14th century, edited by J. Small.
Mk. Skt. Lind, or Bush. The Gospel of St. Mark in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian versions, edited for the Syndics of the University Press byW. W. Skeat. (Lind. = Lindisfarne MS. Rush. = Rushworth MS.)
Mt. Kmbl. Lind, or Bush. The Gospel of St. Matthew, in Anglo- Saxon and Northumbrian versions, edited by Kemble, v. preceding.
Nar. Narratiuncul® Anglice Conscript®, edited by Cockayne.
Nicod; Thw. The Anglo-Saxon version of the Gospel of Nicodemus, at the end of Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
Num. Numbers, in Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
O. and N. An Old English poem of the Owl and the Nightingale, edited by Stratmann.
O. E. Homl. Old English Homilies, edited for the Early English Text Society by R. Morris.
O. Frs. refers to Altfriesisches Worterbuch von Dr. Karl Freiherrn von Richthofen.
O. H. Ger. v. Grff.
Orm. The Ormulum, edited by Dr. White.
Ors ; Swt. or Bos. The Anglo-Saxon version of Orosius, edited by Sweet or by Bosworth.
O. Sax. The Old Saxon poem of the Heliand.
Past ; Swt. King Alfred’s version of Gregory’s Pastoral Care, edited for the Early English Text Society by Sweet.
Piers P. The Vision concerning Piers the Plowman, B-text, edited for the Early English Text Society by W. W. Skeat.
P. L. S. Early English Poems and Lives ofSaints, edited by F. J.Furnivall.
Prompt. Parv. Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum, lexicon
Anglo-latinum princeps, edited for the Camden Society by Way.
EXPLANATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CONTRACTIONS.
Frov. Kmbl. Anglo-Saxon Apothegms given by Kemble in Anglo- Saxon Dialogues of Salomon and Saturn, Part III. (.fElfric Society’s publications).
Ps. Lamb. Lambeth Psalter. The references are taken from the copy matje under Dr. Bosworth’s direction.
Ps. Spl. Psalterium Davidis Latino-Saxonicum vetus, a Johanne Spel- manno editum. (Dr. Bosworth’s copy has been collated with the original MSS. and has thus been corrected in many places.)
Ps. Surt. Anglo-Saxon and Early English Psalter, edited for the Surtees Society by Stevenson.
Ps. Th. Libri Psalmorum versio antiqua Latina ; cum paraphrasi Anglo- Saxonica, edidit Benjamin Thorpe.
B. Ben. Anglo-Saxon version of the Benedictine Rule (quoted from Lye).
E. Brun. Peter Langtoft’s Chronicle translated and continued by Robert Manning of Brunne, edited by Hearne.
Eel. Ant. Reliquiae Antiquae, edited by Wright and Halliwell.
E. Glouc. Robert of Gloucester’s Chronicle, edited by Hearne.
Eood Kmbl. The Holy Rood ; a Dream, in Part II. of The Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, edited for the iElfric Society by Kemble.
Etl. Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis, edited for the Surtees Society by Stevenson. (Compare Skeat’s collation in the Philological Society’s Transactions.)
Eunic pm. Kmbl. Runic poem printed by Kemble in Archaeologia, vol. 28.
Salm. Kmbl. Anglo-Saxon Dialogues of Salomon and Saturn, edited for the TEIfric Society by Kemble.
Schmid. A. S. Ges. Die gesetze der Angelsachsen, herausgegeben von Reinh. Schmid.
Scot. Scottish; the references being to Jamieson’s Dictionary.
Shrn. The Shrine ; a collection of occasional papers on dry subjects, by Cockayne.
Soul Kmbl. The Departed Soul’s Address to the Body, in Part II. of The Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, edited for the iElfric Society by Kemble.
St. And. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St. Andrew and St. Veronica (Publica- tions of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society).
Swt. A. S. Edr. An Anglo-Saxon Reader in prose and verse, by Henry Sweet.
Th. An. Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, by Benjamin Thorpe.
Th. Ap. The Anglo-Saxon version of the story of Apollonius of Tyre, edited by Thorpe.
Trev. Polychronicon Ranulphi Higden, with the English translation of John Trevisa (Master of the Rolls’ series).
Will. The romance of William of Palerne, edited by W. W. Skeat (Early English Text Society).
Wrt. popl. Science. Popular Treatises on Science written during the Middle Ages, edited by Wright.
Wrt. V oc. A Volume of Vocabularies, edited by Wright. (First Series, Liverpool, 1857.)
CONTRACTIONS USED BY GREIN.
AV.M Tod. Poem on the death of Alfred, son of Ethelred, given in the Chronicle under the year 1036.
TFldplst, Poem on the victory of Athelstan, taken from the Chronicle. Aim. Almosen, from the Codex Exoniensis, p. 467.
An. The legend of St. Andrew.
Ap. The fates of the Apostles, from the Codex Vercellensis.
Az. Azarias, from the Codex Exoniensis, p. 185.
B. Beowulf.
Bo. Botschaft des Gemahls, from the Codex Exoniensis, p. 473.
By. The death of Byrhtnoth.
Cra. Manna crseftas, from the Codex Exoniensis, p. 292.
Cri. Cynewulfs Crist, from the Codex Exoniensis, p. 1.
Dan. Daniel, in Thorpe’s Caedmon, p. 216.
De6r. Deors Klage, from Codex Exoniensis, p. 377.
Dom. Domes daeg, from Codex Exoniensis, p. 445.
Edg. Eadgar; poems from the Chronicle, under the years 973, 975. Edm. Eadmund, from the Chronicle, under the year 942.
Edw. Eadweard, from the Chronicle, under the year 1065.
El. Elene, from the Codex Vercellensis.
Exod. Exodus, in Thorpe’s Caedmon, p. 177- Pa. F seder larcwidas, in Codex Exoniensis, p. 300.
Pin. The fight at Finnsburg.
Gen. Genesis, in Thorpes’ Caedmon, p. 1.
Gn. C. Versus gnomici (Cotton MS.).
Gn. Ex. Versus gnomici, from Codex Exoniensis, p. 333.
Gu. Legend of St. Guthlac, from Codex Exoniensis, p. 104.
Ho. Hollenfahrt Christi, from Codex Exoniensis, p. 459.
Hy. Hyninen und Gebete.
Jud. The poem of Judith.
Jul. The legend of St. Juliana, in Codex Exoniensis, p. 243.
Kl. Klage der Frau, in Codex Exoniensis, p. 442.
Kr. Das heilige Kreuz, from the Codex Vercellensis.
Leas. Bi manna lease, from the Codex Vercellensis.
Men. Menologium.
Met. The metres of Alfred.
Mod. Manna m6d, in the Codex Exoniensis, p. 3 1 3.
Pa. Panther, in the Codex Exoniensis, p. 355.
Ph. Phonix, in the Codex Exoniensis, p. 197.
Phar. Pharao, in the Codex Exoniensis, p. 468.
Ps. Psalms, from Thorpe’s edition.
Ps. C. The 30th psalm, from one of the Cotton MSS.
Ea. Riddles from the Codex Exoniensis.
Beb. Rebhuhn, from the Codex Exoniensis, p. 365.
Beim. Reimlied, from the Codex Exoniensis, p. 352.
Buin. Ruine, from the Codex Exoniensis, p. 476.
Bun. Runenlied, in Archaeologia, vol. 28.
Sal. Salomo und Saturn ; see above Salm. Kmbl.
Sat. Crist und Satan, in Thorpe’s Caedmon, p. 265.
Seef. Seefahrer, in the Codex Exoniensis, p. 306.
Seel. Reden der Seelen, in the Codex Exoniensis, p. 367 ; see also above, Soul Kmbl.
Sch. Wunder der Schopfung, in the Codex Exoniensis, p. 346.
Vid. VIdsid, in Codex Exoniensis, p. 318.
Vy. Manna wyrde, in Codex Exoniensis, p. 327.
Wal. Walfisch, in Codex Exoniensis, p. 360.
Wand. Wanderer, in Codex Exoniensis, p. 286.
PREFACE.
With the issue of the last part of this work comes the necessity for some additions to the Preliminary Notice that accompanied Parts I and II. In that Notice it was mentioned that Dr. Bosworth’s MS. for so much of the Dictionary as was contained in Part II was incomplete, and a similar remark applies with more force to the succeeding parts : little, indeed, was added in the MS. to what was already contained in the previous edition. If with corresponding parts of this previous edition the later part of the present one be compared, it will be seen that much had to be done in order to get together the additional material that finds its place in the new work. As the editor could not devote his time exclusively to the Dictionary, the length of the interval between the date of appearance of Part II and that of Part IV may seem not inexcusably great. It has, however, been so great that in some respects alterations have occurred in matters with which the Dictionary is concerned. Fresh material has been brought to light, or old material has been brought forth in more accessible form ; the views on many points connected with* the language that are now held, are not those of fifteen years ago, and there will be certainly .some points in work done fifteen years ago that now will need revision. There will also be other points that need revision, but which cannot plead this excuse : mistakes and omissions, to some extent, are almost inevitable. Revision required under one or other head will be attempted in a supplement, which will be prepared as soon as possible.
In the course of the work some alterations have been made in the plan adopted by Dr. Bosworth. One of the difficulties connected with the cataloguing of English words preserved in works written before 1100 is due to the variety of forms which a word may take according to the time at which, or the locality in which, the MS. where it occurs was written. The Old-English specimens are scattered over centuries, and belong to different parts of England ; naturally the form of a word is not always the same in the earlier and in the later specimen of the same locality, or in the contemporary specimens of different localities. In the earlier part of the Dictionary the different forms of a word are given separately, in the later part they are collected under a single form; e.g. in the former case words having the mutation of ed may appear under each of the forms which the varieties of that mutation (e, id, i, y) admit of, in the latter one form alone (?) is given. Slight alterations, too, will be found noted in the list of references.
With regard to the marks used to distinguish difference in the vowels it may be noticed that ed, ed are employed in all cases where the short ea, eo are not meant, e g. sceop , Goth. skdp , has the same symbols as leof, Goth. Hubs, etc.
My thanks are due to Professor Skeat for the readiness which he has always shown to answer an appeal for help in a difficulty ; to Professor Kluge and to Professor Heyne for very helpful criticism of the earlier parts of the Dictionary. To the former I am indebted not only for pointing out omissions, but for the assistance he has given in remedying them. He very kindly sent me a copy of the glosses cited under the abbreviation Germ., and further gave the Delegates of the University Press the opportunity, which they accepted of acquiring
PREFACE.
a collection of Anglo-Saxon words that he had made. These words were drawn for the most part from sources already utilized for the Dictionary, but it was an advantage to have even the same material noted by another. As an example of this it may be remarked that between thirty and forty of the passages cited under S were taken from Professor Kluge’s notes, and the number would have been larger had not, as already stated, Professor Kluge’s criticism called attention to omissions in the earlier part of the work. To the late Dr. Grein my obligations are very great. He has done so much to remove the difficulties of one of the most difficult parts of the vocabulary — the poetical — that he has earned the gratitude of every one who attempts to work in the same field as the author of the Sprachschatz der Angelsachsischen Dichter.
In conclusion, it may not be out of place to refer to some of the difficulties which are met with in an attempt to compile an Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. The Anglo-Saxon remains are varied in respect to the subjects of which they treat, and the technical terms peculiar to some of these subjects, e.g. law, require the knowledge of a specialist. The poetical vocabulary, again, as a part of the language almost lost in later times presents many difficulties. Even where at first sight it might seem that the solution of difficulties would be most certainly furnished — in the case of glosses to Latin words — the expectation is not always realized, and at times the gloss is the only authority for both the English and the Latin word. And throughout there is the difficulty of realizing the condition of those who used the language and thus of appreciating the significance of the language they used. It is hoped, however, that the numerous citations given under many words, by shewing the actual use of those words, may help to the appreciation of their significance, and so supplement the often necessarily imperfect explanations afforded by the Modern English words that are used as the nearest equivalents to the old forms. Further, English philology has become so extensive a study that to keep pace with its developments is a task that might occupy so much time as to leave comparatively little for other work. To compile an Anglo-Saxon Dictionary calls for so much in the compiler that some leniency towards shortcomings may perhaps be looked for by any one who attempts the labour.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
In the following list a want of uniformity may be noticed in the case of some of the contractions used. This is due partly to modifications of Dr. Bosworth’s forms, which it seemed convenient to make ; partly to different conditions in respect to texts cited, which have been brought about while the work was in progress : some texts, that existed in MS. only, have been printed; of others, that were already printed, new editions have appeared, which were more convenient to refer to than were the old. Cross references are given below in these cases. Double references are given to passages cited from the poetry, to English editions and to Grein’s Bibliothek der Angelsachsischen Poesie ; in the later the contractions used are those to be found in Grein’s Lexicon, and they are given together at the end of this list.
Where a reference to any citation consists of more than one part (e. g. Bt. — ; Fox — ), the several parts are separated by a semi-colon : where after a citation several references are given, these are separated by a colon.
When consecutive citations are taken from the same work the full reference is given only with the first (e. g. Bt. is not repeated where consecutive citations are taken from Boethius ; or if the reference be of one part, e. g. Nar. — , the Nar. is not repeated).
A. D. Altenglische Dichtungen der MS. Harl. 2253, heraus- gegeben von K. Boddeker, Berlin, 1878.
A. P. v. Allit. Pms.
A. R. The Ancren Riwle, edited for the Camden Society (No. lvii.) by J. Morton, 1853. Quoted by page and line.
Abus. Codex Junii 23, fol. 60, in the Bodleian Library. See Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 37, and Engl. Stud. viii. 62.
ZElf. Ep. 1st = L. jElfc. P. (q.v.).
jElf. Test. yElfric on the Old Testament in Sweet’s Anglo- Saxon Reader (1st ed.).
ZEJlfc. Gen. Thw. The preface to Genesis in Thwaites’ edition of the Heptateuch, v. Gen.
ZElfc. Gl. Codex Junii 71, in the Bodleian Library. See Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 96. Printed by Somner (Som.) at the end of his Dictionary, and again by Wright in A Volume of Vocabularies (Wrt. Voc.). In the early part of the Dictionary the page of the MS., and the page and number of the word in Somner and in Wright are given, but later the reference is to Wright only (Wrt.
Voc. i.).
AElfc. Gl. ; Zup. yElfric’s Grammatik und Glossar, heraus- gegeben von Julius Zupitza, Berlin, 1880. Quoted by page and line.
AUlfc. Gr. /Elfric’s Grammar, referred to at first in the edition by Somner, printed with his Dictionary (Som.), later in that of Zupitza (Zup. v. preceding explanation).
Quoted by section of the Grammar, and by page and line of the editions.
-®lfc. pref. Gen.=ALlfc. Gen. Thw.
ZElfc. T. or ZElfc. T. Lisle. A Saxon treatise concerning the Old and New Testament. . . . Now first published in print with English of our times by William L’Isle,
London, 1623. Quoted by page and line.
ZElfe. T. Grn. The same text, in vol. i. of Bibliothek der Angelsachsischen Prosa, herausgegeben von Chr. Grein.
1872. See also z£lf. Test.
u a 2
A2qu. Vern. This contraction (used, but not explained, by Lye) seems to refer to the Anglo-Saxon abridgement of Bede’s De Natura Rerutn in MS. Cotton. Tiberius, B. V. (see Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 216). It is printed in Popular Treatises on Science, edited for the Historical Society of Science by Wright, London, 1841 (Wrt. popl. science) ; and again in the 3rd vol. of Cockayne’s Leechdoms (Lchdm. III). The later quotations are taken from the latter edition, v. Equin. vern.
Al. The Life of St. Alexius, edited by F. J. Furnivall, E.E.T.S., No. 69, 1878. Quoted by line.
Alb. resp. Albini responsa ad Sigewulfi interrogationes. For a text and MSS. see Anglia, vol. vii. pp. 1 sqq.
Aid. Sancti Aldhelmi Opera, edited by J. A. Giles, Oxford, 1844. Quoted by page.
Alex. The Alliterative Romance of Alexander, edited by J. Stevenson, Roxburghe Club, 1849. Quoted by line.
Alex. (Skt.). The same, edited by W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., No. lxvii., 1866. Quoted by line.
Alis. King Alisaunder, in Weber’s Metrical Romances, vol. i., Edinburgh, 1810. Quoted by line.
Allit. Pms. Early English Alliterative Poems, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S., No. 1, 1864. Quoted by page and line.
Am. and Amil. Amis and Amiloun, in Weber’s Metrical Romances, vol. ii.
An. Lit. Anecdota Literaria, edited by Thomas Wright, London, 1844. Quoted by page and line.
An. ( or Anal.) Th. or Th. An. (Anal., Anlct.). Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, by Benjamin Thorpe, London, 1846. Quoted by page and line.
And. = St. And. (q.v.).
Andr. Grm. See Grm[m]. A. u. E.
Andr. Kmbl. The Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, edited by J. M. Kemble for the /Elfric Society. Part 1. The Legend of St. Andrew, London, 1844.
IV
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
Andr. Reed. The same poem edited for the Record Com- mission by Benjamin Thorpe, but not published. See Glos. Epnl. Reed.
Andrews’ Old English Manor. The Old English Manor, a study in English Economic History, by Charles McLean Andrews, Baltimore, 1892.
Anglia. Anglia, Zeitschrift fur Englische Philologie. Halle, 1878-
Anlct. v. An. Th.
Ap. (Apol.) Th. or Th. Ap. (Apol.). The Anglo-Saxon Version of the Story of Apollonius of Tyre, from a MS. in the Library of C. C. C., Cambridge (v. Wanley’s Cata- logue, p. 146), edited by Benjamin Thorpe, London, 1834. Quoted by page and line.
App. (Lib.) Scint. v. Scint.
Apstls. Crd. An interlinear version of the Apostles’ Creed on folio 199 a of the MS. referred to as Ps. Lamb. (q.v.).
Apstls. Kmbl. The Fates of the Twelve Apostles in The Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis. Part II. v. Andr. Kmbl.
Apstls. Reed. The same poem edited for the Record Com- mission. v. Ah'dr. Reed.
Arth. and Merl. Arthour and Merlin, a Metrical Romance edited by W. D. Turnbull, Abbotsford Club, 1 838. Quoted by line.
Ass. B. Assumpcio Beate 'Marie, edited by J. R. Lumby, E.E.T.S., No. 14, 1866. Quoted by line.
Ath. Crd. or Athan. An interlinear version of the Atha- nasian Creed, folios, 200 a-202 b of the MS. referred to as Ps. Lamb. (q. v.). Quoted by paragraph.
Ayenb. Dan Michel’s Ayenbite of Inwyt, in the Kentish Dialect, 1340, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S., No. 23, 1 §66.
Bailey. An Universal Etymological English Dictionary, ; by N. Bailey, 10th edition, London, 1742.
JSgsil adpm, ; Norm. The Anglo-Saxon Remains of St. Basil’s Admonitio ad filium spiritualem, edited by the ■Rev. Henry W. Norman, 2nd edition, London, 1849. > Quotpd by chapter, and by page and line.
Bd. de nat. rm. (rerum h See under yEqu. Vern.
Bd. ; M. ,The Old English Version of Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People, edited by Thomas Miller, E.E.T.S., Nos. 95, 96, 1890-1891. , Quoted by book and chapter, and by page and line.
Bd. ; S. Baedae Historia Ecclesiastics a gloriosissimo vete- rum Anglo-Saxonum rege Aluredo Saxonice reddita, cura et studio Johannis Smith, Cantabrigiae, 1722. Quoted as in previous work.
Bd. ; Whel. (Whelc.). Bedae Venerabilis Historia Eccle- siastics Anglorum, Anglo-Saxonice ex versione Aflfredi Magni Gentis et Latine, cura Abrahami Wheloci, Canta- brigiae, 1644.
Ben. Vocabularium Anglo-Saxonicum, opera Th. Benson, Oxoniae, 1701.
Beo. Kmbl. The Anglo-Saxon poems of Beowulf, the Tra- veller’s Song and the Battle of Finnesburh, edited by John M. Kemble, 2nd edition, London, 1835.
Beo. Tb. The Anglo-Saxon Poem of Beowulf, edited by Benjamin Thorpe, Oxford, 1855.
Beves. Sir Beves of Hamtune, edited by E. Kolbing, E.E.T.S., Nos. xlvi., xlviii., 18S5-1886. Quoted by line.
Bliekl. Gl. (Gloss.). Glosses taken from a copy of the Roman Psalter in the library at Blickling Hall. Printed at the end of the Blickling Homilies. See next para- graph.
Bliekl. Homl. or Homl. Blick. The Blickling Homilies, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S., Nos. 58, 63, 1874-1876. Quoted by page and line.
Boutr. (Btwk.) Scrd. Screadunga. Anglo-Saxonica maxi-
1 mam partem inedita publicavit C. G. Bouterwek, Elber- feld, 1858. Quoted by page and line.
Brand. Popular Antiquities of Great Britain, edited, from the materials collected by John Brand, by W. C. Hazlitt. Three vols. London, 1870.
Bridffr]. Bridferth’s Enchiridion contained in MS. No. 328 in the Ashmolean Library (see Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 103). Quoted by folio. This MS. is printed in Anglia viii. 298-337, and later references are to this edition by page and line.
Bt. ; Fox. King Alfred’s Anglo-Saxon version of Boethius de Consolatione Philosophiae, edited by the Rev. S. Fox. Bohn’s Antiquarian Library, London, 1864. Quoted by chapter and paragraph, and by page and line.
Bt. Met. Fox and Bt. Tupr. The Anglo-Saxon metrical version of the metrical portions of Boethius, with a verse translation by M. Tupper. At the end of the previous work. Quoted by number of metre and line.
Bt. ; Rawl. Boethii Consolationis Philosophiae libri v Anglo-Saxonice redditi ab JSlfredo ; ad Apographum Junianum expressos edidit Christophorus Rawlinson, Oxoniae, 1698. Quoted by chapter and paragraph, and by page and line.
Btwk. Caedmon’s Biblische Dichtungen, herausgegeben von K. W. Bouterwek. Erster Theil, Giitersloh, 1854. The references are to the Anglo-Saxon piece ‘ De officiis diurnalium et nocturnalium horarum,’ preface, pp. cxciv- ccxxii. Quoted by page and line.
Btwk. Scrd. v. Boutr. Scrd.
Byrht. Th. The poem on the battle of Maldon in Thorpe’s Analecta Anglo-Saxonica. Quoted by page and line.
C. L. Castel off Love, edited by R. F. Weymouth, Philol. Soc., 1864. Quoted by line.
C. M. Cursor Mundi, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S. Quoted by line.
C. R. Ben. An Anglo- Saxon version of the Benedictine Rule contained in a MS. in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. See Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 122. Quoted by chapter. In the latter part of the Dictionary references are given to the work noticed under R. Ben., in which this MS. is used.
Cambr. MS. Ps. = Ps. Spl. C. (q.v.).
Canon. Hrs. Appendix to Hickes’ Letters to a Popish Priest. Quoted by page and line. The piece is printed in Select Monuments of the Doctrine and Worship of the Catholic Church in England before the Norman Conquest, by E. Thompson, London, 1875 (2nd edition).
Cant. Ab. (Abac., Habac., Abac. Lamb.). A gloss of Habakkuk, 3, 2-19, contained in the same MS. as Ps. Lamb. (q. v.) on folios 189-191. Quoted by verse.
Cant. Abac. Surt. A gloss of the same material as the preceding, printed in An Anglo-Saxon and Early English .Psalter, edited by J. Stevenson, Surtees Soc., No. 19. Quoted by page and line.
Cant. (Cantic.) An. A gloss of the song of Hannah (I. Sam. 2, 1-10), contained in the same MS. as Ps. Lamb, (q.v.) on folios 185 b-i86b. Quoted by verse.
Cant. Es. A gloss of Isaiah 12, 1-6, contained in the same MS. as the preceding, on folio 184. Quoted by verse.
Cant. Ez. (Cant. Ezech. Lamb.). A gloss of Isaiah 38, 10- 20, contained in the same MS. as the preceding, on folios i84b-i8s b. Quoted by verse (in some instances the folio of the MS. is also given).
Cant. M. (Moys., Moys. Lamb.). A gloss of Exodus 15,
1 -19, contained in the same MS. as the preceding, on folios 186 b-189. Quoted as in the preceding.
Cant. M. ad fil. (Moys. Isrl. Lamb.). A gloss of Deutero- nomy 32, 1-43, contained in the same MS. as the preceding, on folios 191-195. Quoted as in the preceding.
Cant. Mar. A gloss of Luke 1, 46-55, contained in the same
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
MS. as the preceding, on folios 198-198 b. Quoted by verse.
Cant. Moys. Ex. (Cantic. Moys.) ; Thw. : Cant. Moys. Thw. A gloss of Exodus 15, 1— 19, at the end of Thwaites’ Heptateuch.
Cant. Zaeh. A gloss of Luke 1, 68-79, contained in the same MS. as Ps. Lamb. (q. v.) on folios 197-198. Quoted by verse.
Cart. Eadgif. E. A charter of Queen Eadgifu, v. Chart. Th. 201.
Cath. Ang. (Angl.). Catholicon Anglicum, edited by S. J. Herrtage, E.E.T.S., No. 75, 1881. Quoted by page.
Cd. ; Th. ( later Cd. Th.). Caedmon’s Metrical Paraphrase of parts of the Holy Scripture, in Anglo-Saxon, by Benjamin Thorpe, London, 1832. Quoted at first by folio, and by page and line, later by page and line.
Chart. Erl. A Handbook to the Land Charters, and other Saxonic Documents, by John Earle, M.A., Oxford, 1888. "Quoted by page and line.
Chart. (Ch.) Th. Diplomatarium Anglicum Aevi Saxonici, by Benjamin Thorpe, London, 1865. Quoted by page and line.
Chauc. The abbreviations used in connexion with Chaucer are not given as not requiring explanation.
Chr. ; Erl. Two of the Saxon Chronicles parallel with supplementary extracts from the others, edited by John Earle, M.A., Oxford, 1865. Quoted by year, and by page and line.
Chr. ; Gib. Chronicon Saxonicum, Latine et Anglo- Saxonice, cum notis Edmundi Gibson, Oxon., 1692.
Chr. ; Ing. The Saxon Chronicle, with an English trans- lation and notes, by the Rev. James Ingram, 1823.
Chr. ; Th. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, according to the several original authorities. Edited, with a translation, by Benjamin Thorpe, Master of the Rolls Series, 1861. Quoted by year, and by page, line, and column.
Chron. Abing. Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon. Edited by Rev. J. Stevenson, Master of the Rolls Series, 1858.
Chron. Vilodun. Chronicon Vilodunense, sive de vita et miraculi6 sanctae Edithae, cur. W. H. Black. Quoted by line.
Cl. and Vig. Diet. An Icelandic-English Dictionary, based on the MS. collections of the late Richard Cleasby, en- larged and completed by Gudbrand Vigfusson, Oxford, 1874-
Cod. Dip. B. Cartularium Saxonicum : a collection of Charters relating to Anglo-Saxon History, by Walter de Gray Birch, London, 1883-1893. Quoted by volume, page and line.
Cod. Dip. (Dipl.) Kmbl. Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici, opera Johannis M. Kemble. Publications of the English Historical Society, 1839-1848. Quoted by volume, page and line.
Cod. Exon. v. Exon. Th.
Coll. Monast. Th. or Wrt. Colloquium ad pueros linguae Latinae locutione exercendos ab AHfrico compilatum. Printed in Thorpe’s Analecta (v. An. Th.), or in Wright’s Vocabularies (v. Wrt. Voc. i.). Quoted by page and line.
Confess. Pece. (Peeeat.). A gloss of a ‘ Confessio pro peccatis ad Deum,’ contained in the same MS. as Ps. Lamb. (q. v.) on folios i82b-i83 b.
Corp. Gl. (ed.) Hessels. An eighth-century Latin-Anglo- Saxon Glossary preserved in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, edited by J. H. Hessels, Cambridge, 1890. Quoted by page and number of word.
Cot. In the earlier part of the Dictionary several glossaries found among the Cotton MSS. are referred to by this abbreviation. These glossaries are printed in Wrt. Voc. i., ii., to which works later references are given ; in
a supplement to the Dictionary similar references will be found to replace the abbreviation in question.
D. Arth. Morte Arthure ; or the Death of Arthur, edited by
Edm. Brock, E.E.T.S., No. 8, 1871. Quoted by line.
Dep. Eieh. Richard the Redeles, an Alliterative Poem on the Deposition of Richard II, edited by W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., No. 54, 1873. Quoted by passus and line.
Destr. Tr. The Gest Historiale of the Destruction of Troy, edited by G. A. Panton and D. Donaldson, E.E.T.S., Nos. 39, 56. Quoted by line.
Deut. The Anglo-Saxon version of Deuteronomy in Thw. Hept. (q. v.) or in Bibliothek der Angelsachsischen Prosa,herausgegeben von Chr. Wilh. Mich. Grein, erster Band, 1872. Quoted by chapter and verse.
Dial. v. Gr. Dial.
Dief. Vergleichendes Worterbuch der Gothischen Sprache, von Dr. Lorenz Diefenbach, 1851.
Dietr. Dietrich’s Commentatio de Kynewulfi poetae aetate, Marburg, 1859-1860.
Dom. L. Be Domes Dasge, an Old English version of the Latin poem ascribed to Bede. Edited with other short poems from the MS. in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, by J. R. Lumby, E.E.T.S., No. 65, 1876. Quoted by page and line.
E. D. S. (Publ.). The publications of the English Dialect
Society.
E. E. T. S. The publications of the Early English Text Society,
E. G. English Gilds, edited by Miss L. Toulmin Smith, E.E.T.S., No. 40, 1870. Quoted by page and line.
Earle A.S. Lit. Anglo-Saxon Literature. By John Earle. London : Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1884.
Eeelus. The book of Ecclesiasticus.
Elen. Grm. v. Grmm. A. u. E.
Elen. Kmbl. The Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, edited for the ALlfric Society by J. M. Kemble. Part II. Elene and Minor Poems, London, 1856.
Engl. Stud. Englische Studien. Organ fur englische Philologie. Herausgegeben von Dr. Eugen Kolbing.
Ep. Gl. (Gloss. Ep.). The Epinal Glossary, Latin and Old- English of the eighth century. Edited by Henry Sweet. Printed for the Philological and Early English Text Societies, 1883. Quoted by page, column and line.
Equin. vern. An Anglo-Saxon summary of Bede’s De Temporibus, referred to in Wanley’s Catalogue under the heading De equinoctio vernali. It is printed in Lchdm. iii. pp. 232-280, and the quotations from the work are, except in the earlier part of the Dictionary, from this printed form. v. Atqu. Vern.
Erf. Gl. A Latin-Anglo-Saxon Glossary contained in a MS. preserved in the Amplomian library at Erfurt. Printed in the oldest English Texts, edited by Henry Sweet, E.E.T.S., No. 83, 1885.
Ettm. Lexicon Anglosaxonicum, edidit Ludovicus Ettmiil- lerus. Qqedlinburgii et Lipsiae, 1851.
Ettm. Poet. Anglosaxonum poetae atque scriptores prosaici. Edidit Ludovicus Ettmiillerus. Quedlinburgii et Lipsiae, 1850.
Ex. The Anglo-Saxon version of Exodus, v. Deut.
Exod, Thw. v. preceding.
Exon.; Th. ( later Exon. Th.). Codex Exoniensis. A Collection of Anglo-Saxon poetry, from a MS. in the library of the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, by Benjamin Thorpe, London, 1842. Quoted at first by folio, and by page and line, later by page and line.
Per. Sir Ferumbras, edited by S. J. Herrtage, E.E.T.S., No. xxiv., 1879. Quoted by line.
a 3
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
vi
Tins. Th. The Anglo-Saxon poem of the Fight at Finnes- burg, edited by Benjamin Thorpe. In the same volume with Beo. Th. (q. v.}.
FI. a. BL Floriz and Blauncheflur, edited by J. R. Lumby, E.E.T.S., No. 14, 1866. Quoted by line.
Frag. Kmbl. A Fragment, Moral and Religious, contained in the Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, edited by J. M. Kemble (v. Elen. Kmbl.).
Frag. Phlps. Fragment of Allfric’s Grammar, /Elfric’s Glossary, and a Poem on the Soul and the Body, in the orthography of the twelfth century, edited by Sir T. Phillipps, London, 1838.
Frag. Reed. The same poem as Frag. Kmbl., printed with Andr. Reed. (q. v.).
Fnlg. S. Fulgentii Regulae Monachorum, an Anglo-Saxon gloss of the Latin work contained in MS. Cott. Tib. A. 3 (see Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 91).
Gam. The Tale of Gamelin, edited by W. W. Skeat, Oxford, 1884. Quoted by line.
Gaw. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S., No. 4, 1864. Quoted by line.
Gen. The Anglo-Saxon version of Genesis, v. Deut.
Gen. and Ex. The Story of Genesis and Exodus, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S., No. 7, 1865. Quoted by line.
Gen. pref. Thw. The Anglo-Saxon preface to Genesis in Thw. Hept. Quoted by page and line.
Germ. Die Bouloneser Angelsachsischen Glossen zu Pru- dentius. Herausgegeben von Dr. Alfred Holder. In vol. xi. (new series) of Germania. Quoted by page and number preceding the gloss, v. Gl. Prud., Gl. Prud. H., Glos. Prudent. Reed.
Gl. Amplon. Glossae Amplonianae, ed. Oehler in Jahn’s Jahrb. 13, 1847.
Gl. E. A Latin-Anglo- Saxon Glossary contained in MS. Cott. Cleopatra A III. (v. Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 238). Printed in Wrt. Voc. ii. pp. 70 sqq., whence, except at the beginning, quotations are taken.
Gl. M. An Anglo-Saxon Gloss of Aldhelm’s De laude virginitatis, published in Mone’s Quellen und Forsch- ungen, Leipzig, 1830. Quoted by page. See Hpt. GL, where the same gloss is referred to.
Gl. Mett. Glossae Mettenses in Mone Anzeiger, 1839.
Gl. Prud. (1). Glosses to Prudentius in Mone Anzeiger, 1839. Quoted by number of gloss. From the same MS. as that given under Germ.
Gl. Prud. (2). The same abbreviation as the preceding has also sometimes been used for another work, which else- where is referred to as Glos. Prud. (q. v.) or simply Prud. The quotations, however, in this case are by paragraph.
Gl. Prud. H. This is the gloss given under Germ. (q. v.). The quotations are by folio instead of by page.
Gl. Wiilek. v. Wiilck.
Glos. Brux. Reed. An Anglo-Saxon Vocabulary taken from a MS. in the Royal Library at Brussels. It is printed in Wrt. Voc. i. pp. 62 sqq., and to this edition alone, except in the earlier part of the Dictionary, references are given.
Glos. Epnl. Reed. The Epinal Glossary printed (but not published) in Appendix B of An Account of the most important Public Records of Great Britain (Publications of the Record Commissioners), London, 1836.
Glos. Prud. or Prud. Englische Obersetzungen der latein- ischen Erklarungen von Bildern zur Psychotnachie des Prudentius entlehnt : (A) einer Hs. im Britischen
Museum, Cotton. Cleop. C. viii, (B) einer Cambridger Hs., Corpus Christi College 23, published by J. Zupitza in Zeitschrift fiir deutsches Alterthum, vol. 8 (new series), J876. Quoted by paragraph and MS.
Glos. Prudent. Reed. The glosses given under Germ., printed in the same work as the Glos. Epnl. Reed.
Gloss. Ep. v. Ep. Gl.
Glostr. Frag. Legends of Saint Swicfun and Sancta Maria jEgyptiaca, published by John Earle, M.A., London, 1861.
Gospel of Nicodemus. Quoted from The Apocryphal New Testament. Printed for William Hone, 1820. Tenth edition, London, 1872.
Goth. Gothic ; the text referred to has been Die Gothischen Sprachdenkmaler, herausgegeben von H. F. Massmann. v. Dief.
Gow. Confessio Amantis of John Gower, edited by R. Pauli, London, 1857. Quoted by volume, page and line.
Greg. Die englische Gregorlegende, herausgegeben von F. Schulz, Konigsberg, 1876. Quoted by line.
Gr. (Greg.) Dial. The Anglo-Saxon version of Gregory's Dialogues. Quoted from Lye. v. Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 7 1.
Grff. Althochdeutscher Sprachschatz von Dr. E. G. Graff. Berlin, 1834-1842.
Grm. (Grmm. Gr.). Deutsche Grammatik von Dr. Jacob Grimm. 2. Ausgabe.
Grm[m]. A. u. E. (And. u. El.). Andreas und Elene. Herausgegeben von Jacob Grimm. Cassel, 1840.
Grm[m], D. M. Deutsche Mythologie, von Jacob Grimm. Zweite Ausgabe, Gottingen, 1844.
Grm|m]. Gesch. D. S. (Gseh.). Geschichte der deutschen Sprache, von Jacob Grimm. 3. (2.) Ausgabe, Leipzig, 1868.
Grm. Mythol. The first edition of Grmm. D. M.
Grm[m]. R. A. Deutsche Rechtsalterthiimer, von Jacob Grimm. 2. Ausgabe, Gottingen, 1854.
Guthl. (Gu.) ; Gdwin. The Anglo-Saxon version of the Life of St. Guthlac, Hermit of Crowland, edited by C. W. Goodwin, London, 1848. Quoted by chapter (Guthl.) and by page and line (Gdwin.).
H. (K.) de visione Isaiae. The reference is to Wanley’s Catalogue, p. 27, 1. 9 ; the passage will be found Wulfst. 44, 23.
H. M. Hali Meidenhad, edited by O. Cockayne, E.E.T.S., No. 18, 1866. Quoted by page and line.
H. R. Legends of the Holy Rood, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S., No. 46, 1871. Quoted by page and line.
H. S. Robert of Brunne’s Handling Sinne, edited by F. J. Furnivall, Roxburghe Club, 1862. Quoted by line.
H. Z. (Hpt., Hpt. Zeitjsch].). Zeitschrift fiir deutsches Alterthum, herausgegeben von Moritz Haupt.
Hall. (Halliw., Halwl.) Diet. A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, by J. O. Halliwell. Seventh edition, London, 1872.
Handl. Synne. v. H. S.
Harl. Gl. 978. This glossary is printed at p. 139 of Wrt. Voc. i.
Havel. The Lay of Havelok the Dane, edited by W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., No. iv., 1868. Quoted by line.
Hel. Heliand. Herausgegeben von Moritz Heyne. Pader- born, 1866.
Heli. Schmel. Heliand. Poema Saxonicum seculi noni. Edidit J. A. Schmeller, 1830.
Hem. (Heming.). Hemingi Chartularium Eccl. Wigor- niensis, edidit T. Hearne, Oxon., 1723. Tom. ii.
Herb.; Lchdm. i. An Anglo-Saxon Herbarium printed in Lchdm. i. Quoted by section and paragraph (Herb.), and by page and line. See Lchdm.
Hexam. (Hex.) ; Norm. The Anglo-Saxon version of the Hexameron of St. Basil, edited by H. W. Norman.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
vn
2nd edition, London, 1849. Quoted by chapter (Hexam.), and by page and line (Norm.).
Hick. Thes. Linguarum veterum septentrionalium thesaurus, auctore G. Hickesio, Oxoniae, 1705.
Hick. Diss. Ep. (Hiekes’ Diss.). G. Hickesii de antiquae litteraturae septentrionalis utilitate dissertatio epistolaris, Oxoniae, 1703. Contained in vol. i. of the preceding.
Horn. = 0. E. Homl.
Horn, de Comp. Cord. Cited by Dr. Bosworth from Lye.
Horn. 8 Cal. Jan. This homily is printed in Homl. Th. i. 28. [v. ge-j>ryle, the reference to which=Homl. Th.
i- 34, 34-]
Homl. As[s]. Angelsachsische Homilien und Heiligen- leben, herausgegeben von Bruno Assman, Kassel, 1889. [Bibliothek der Angelsachsischen Prosa, begriindet von C. W. M. Grein, 3. Band.] Quoted by page and line of section.
Homl. Bliek. v. Blickl. Homl.
Homl. in nat. Innoc. This homily is printed in Homl. Th. i. 76. [v. aerst, the reference to which = Homl. Th. i.
78, 18.]
Homl. Pasc. Daye. A Sermon of the Paschall Lambe to be spoken unto the people at Easter. Imprinted (with other works of iElfric) at London by John Daye, 1567.
Homl. Pasc. Lisl. The same homily as the preceding, published in 1623 by Lisle. The homily is printed in Homl. Th. ii. 262.
Homl. Skt. iElfric’s Metrical Lives of Saints, edited by W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., Nos. 76, 82, 94, 1881-85-90. Quoted by volume, homily and line.
Homl. Th. The Homilies of ^Elfric, edited by B. Thorpe for the iElfric Society, London, 1844-1846. Quoted by volume, page and line.
Horn (Kfing] Horn). King Horn, edited by J. R. Lumby, E.E.T.S., No. 14, 1866. Quoted by line.
Hpt. v. H. Z.
Hpt. Gl. Die Angelsachsischen Glossen in dem Briisseler Codex von Aldhelms Schrift De Virginitate, published in vol. ix. of Haupt’s Zeitschrift, by K. Bouterwek. Quoted by page and line.
Hpt. Zeit[sch]. v. H. Z.
Hymn, ad Mat. Hymnus ad Matutinos Dies Dominicos, con- tained in fols. 195-196 of Ps. Lamb. Quoted by verse.
Hymn, in Dedic. Eccles. (Hymn.). The piece referred to will be found printed in Homl. Th. ii. 576 sqq.
Hymn. L. = Hymn. ad Mat.
Hymn. Lye = Hymnarium in Cott. MS. Jul. A. 6.
Hymn. Surt. Anglo-Saxon Hymnarium, edited by Rev. J. Stevenson, Surtees Society, vol. xxiii., 1851. Quoted by page and line.
Hymn. T. P. An Anglo-Saxon gloss of Dan. 3, 57-88, con- tained in the same MS. as Ps. Lamb, on folios 196-197. Quoted by verse.
Icel. Icelandic; the forms are taken from Cleasby and Vigfusson’s Dictionary.
Invent. Crs. Reed. The poem in the Codex Vercellensis on the finding of the Cross (v. Elen. Kmbl.), edited for the Record Commission by Benjamin Thorpe, but not published. See Andr. Reed.
Jamieson. Jamieson’s Dictionary of the Scottish Language, abridged by J. Johnstone. Anew edition by J. Longmuir, Edinburgh, 1877.
Japx. Gysbert Japicx, a Friesian poet, who wrote about 1650.
Jellinghaus. Die Westfalischen Ortsnamen nach ihren Grand wortern, von H. Jellinghaus. Kiel und Leipzig, 1896.
Jn. The Gospel of St. John. v. Mt.
Job Thw. A portion of TElfric’s homily on Job (v. Homl. Th. ii. 446) printed in Thw. Hept. Quoted by page and line.
Jos. (x). The Anglo-Saxon version of the book of Joshua, v. Deut.
Jos. (2). (Jos. of Arith.). Joseph of Arimathie, edited by W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., No. 44, 1871.
Jose. For the passage under slite7i cited from Joscelin by Lye, see Lk. Spt. p. 2, 1 1. For Joscelin’s Dictionary see Wanl. Cat. p. 101.
Jud. (1). The Anglo-Saxon version of the book of Judges, v. Deut.
Jud. (2) (Jud. Thw.). Where the quotation is by page and line the reference is to the matter printed in Thw. Hept. at the end of the book of Judges.
Jud. (3). See under the contractions used in Grein’s Dictionary.
Jud. Civ. Lund. Judicia Civitatis Lundoniae. L. Ath. v. ; Th. i. 228.
Judth. ; Thw. {later Judth. Thw.). The poem of Judith printed at the end of Thw. Hept. Quoted by section (Judth.), and by page and line (Thw.).
Jul. (Juliana). The Liflade of St. Juliana, edited by O. Cockayne and T. Brock, E.E.T.S., No. 51, 1872. Quoted by page and line.
K. Alis. v. Alis.
Kath. The Life of Saint Katherine ; in the earlier part of the Dictionary reference is to the edition of Rev. J. Morton, later to that of Dr. E. Einenkel, E.E.T.S., No. 80, 1884. Quoted by line. The correspondence of lines in the two editions is marked in the later. -
Kent. Gl. Kentische Glossen des neunten Jahrhunderts, published in Zeitschrift fur deutsches Alterthum, vol. ix., new series, by J. Zupitza. These glosses, from MS. Cott. Vesp. D 6, are on the book of Proverbs, and in the earlier part of the Dictionary the abbreviation used is
• Prov. ; in this case the quotation is by chapter, in the other by the number of the gloss.
Ker. Kero, the name assumed to be that of the author of a glossary, and of a gloss of the Benedictine Rule, in the Alemannic dialect.
Kil. Etymologicum Teutonicae linguae, sive dictionarium Teutonico-Latinum, studio et opera Corn. Kiliani Dufflaei, Antverpiae, 1599.
King Horn. v. Horn.
Kmbl. Cod. Dipl. v. Cod. Dipl. Kmbl.
Kmbl. Sal. and Sat. v. Salm. Kmbl.
L. ; Th. The following contractions refer to the matter con-
tained in Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, edited by Benjamin Thorpe, and printed under the direction of the Commissioners on the Public Records of the King- dom, 1840. Quoted by (section and) paragraph (L. — ), and by volume, page and line (Th.) : —
L. A. G. Alfred and Guthrum’s Peace.
L. ZElfc. C. Canons of ALlfric.
L. j331fc. E. AHfric’s Epistle, ‘ Quando dividis Chrisma.’
L. ZElfc. P. HHfric’s Pastoral Epistle.
L. ZEdelb. = L. Ethb.
L. ZEdelst. = L. Ath.
L. Alf. Extracts from Exodus, prefixed to Alfred’s Laws.
L. Alf. pol. Laws of King Alfred.
L. Ath. i-v. Laws of King Athelstan.
L. C. E. Ecclesiastical Laws of King Cnut.
L. C. P. Constitutiones de Foresta of King Cnut.
L. C. S. Secular Laws of King Cnut.
L. de Cf. De Confessione (Canons enacted under King Edgar).
L. E. B. Ecclesiastical Compensations (Bot).
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
vm
L. Ecg. C. Ecgberti Confessionale.
Xi. Ecg. E. Excerptiones Ecgberti.
L. Ecg. P. i-iv. Ecgberti Poenitentiale (libri iv.).
L. Ecg. P. addit. Additamenta to the preceding.
L. E. G. Laws of Edward and Guthrum.
L. E. I. Ecclesiastical Institutes.
L. Ed. Laws of King Edward.
L. Ed. C. Laws of King Edward the Confessor.
L. Edg. i, ii. Laws of King Edgar, (i) ecclesiastical, (ii) secular.
li. Edg. C. Canons enacted under King Edgar.
L. Edg. H. Laws of King Edgar (How the Hundred shall be held).
L. Edg. S. Supplement to King Edgar’s Laws.
L. Edm. B. Laws of King Edmund (of betrothing a woman). L. Edm. C. „ „ „ (Concilium Culintonense).
L. Edm. E. „ „ „ (Ecclesiastical).
L. Edm. S. „ „ „ (Secular).
L. Eth. i-ix. Laws of King Ethelred.
L. Ethb. Laws of King Aithelbirht of Kent.
L. Ef. OfForfang.
L. H. Laws of King Henry I.
L. H. E. Laws of Hlothhasre and Eadric.
L. I. P. Institutes of Polity.
L. In. Laws of King Ine.
L. M. I. P. Modus Imponendi Poenitentiam.
L. M. L. Mercian Law.
lj. N. P. Ii. Law of the Northumbrian Priests.
L. O. Oaths.
Ii. O. D. Ordinance respecting the Duns«etas.
L. P. M. Of Powerful Men.
L. Pen. Of Penitents.
L. It. Ranks.
Ii. It. S. Rectitudines Singularum Personarum.
Ii. Th. C. Theodori Capitula et Fragmenta.
L. Th. P. Theodori Liber Poenitentialis.
L. Wg. Wergilds.
Ii. Wih. Laws of King Wihtraed.
L. Wil. i-iv. Laws of William the Conqueror.
Ii. Const. W. Wilkins’ (v. Wilk.) edition of the text cited as L. I. P. in Thorpe’s Laws.
L. Eadg., L. Eadg. Suppl., L. Eceles., L. Ecg. P.A.= L. Edg., L. Edg. S., L. E. I., L. Ecg. P. addit.
Ii. Edw. Conf. Schmid. The Laws of King Edward the Confessor in Schmid’s A. S. Gesetz. (q.v.).
L.H.K. = H. R.
Ii. Lund. = L. Ath. v.
L. M. 1, 2, 3. Three books on medicine, contained in Lchdm. ii. Quoted by book and section ; in the latter part of the Dictionary the references are to Lchdm. only. L. Med. ex Quadr. = Med. ex Quadr.
L. N. F. Altenglische Legenden, neue F olge, herausgegeben von C. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 1881. Quoted by page and line.
L. S. Lives of Saints, edited by C. Hortsmann, E.E.T.S., No.
87, 1887. Quoted by page and line of poem.
L. Th. Thorpe’s edition of the Laws given under L. ; Th. Lambd. Lambard’s edition of the Laws printed in 1568. Laym. Lajamon’s Brut, edited by F. Madden, Society of Antiquaries, London, 1847. Quoted by line.
Lchdm. Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of early England, edited by O. Cockayne, Master of the Rolls Series, 3 vols. London, 1864-^866. Quoted by volume, page and line.
Leo A. S. Names. A treatise on the local nomenclature
of the Anglo-Saxons, translated from the German of Prof. H. Leo, London, 1852.
Leo A. Sax. Gl. Angelsachsisches Glossar von H. Leo, Halle, 1877.
Lev. The Anglo-Saxon version of the book of Leviticus, v. Deut.
Lk. The Gospel of St. Luke. v. Mt.
LL. Th. = L. Th.
Lupi Serm. v. Wulfst.
Lye. Dictionarium Saxonico- et Gothico-Latinum. Auctore Eduardo Lye. Edidit Owen Manning, London, 1772.
M. H. The MS. so quoted has now been printed, v. Homl. Skt.
Man. ed. Furn. (P). Robert Manning’s History of Eng- land, edited by F. J. Fumivall, Rolls Series, London, 1887. Quoted by line.
Mand. The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundeville, edited by J. O. Halliwell, London, 1883.
Manip. Vocab. Levins’ Manipulus Vocabulorum, a riming Dictionary, 1570, edited by H. B. Wheatley, E.E.T.S., No. 27, 1867.
Mann. Manning’s edition of Lye’s A. S. Diet., particularly the Supplement.
Mapes. The Latin Poems commonly attributed to Walter ■ Map, edited by T. Wright, Camden Soc., No. xvi., 1841. ,
Quoted by page and line.
March. A comparative grammar of ' the Anglo-Saxon language, by F. A. March, New York, 1873.
Marg. Seinte Margarete, edited by O. Cockayne (in the ' same volume as the next). Quoted by line.
Marh. Seinte Marherete, }>e meiden ant martyr, edited by O. Cockayne, E.E.T.S., No. 13, 1866. Quoted by 'j page and line.
Martyr. (Martyrol.). Martyrologium in Bibl. C. C. C. ! Cant. D. 5. v. Wanl. Catal. p. 106. Alterum exemplar, ( mutilum licet, multa tamen continens quae in superiori j desiderantur, occurrit in Bibl. Cott. Jul. A. 10, v. Wanl. j Catal. p. 185. The MSS. thus referred to by Lye are ' used by Cockayne in Shrn. pp. 44-156, and from this f edition most passages are taken in the Dictionary. The j quotation by month and day of Martyr, makes reference to Shrn. easy.
Med. ex Quadr. An Anglo-Saxon version of the Medicina j de Quadrupedis of Sextus Placitus, printed in Lchdm. i. I Quoted by section and paragraph.
Med. Pec. For the passage given under Agotenes with this } abbreviation see L. Ecg. C. 2 ; Th. ii. 136, 20.
Menol. Pox. Menologium seu Calendarium Poeticum, ex f Hickesiano Thesauro, edited by S. Fox, London, 1830. Quoted by line.
Met[r]. Homl. English Metrical Homilies from MSS. of the 14th century, edited by J. Small, Edinburgh, 1862. Quoted by page and line.
Mid. York. Gl. A glossary of words pertaining to the dialect of Mid- Yorkshire, by C. C. Robinson, E.D.S., § 1876.
Migne. Lexicon Manuale ad Scriptores mediae et infimae Latinitatis, par M. L’Abbd Migne, Paris, 1866.
Min. The Poems of Laurence Minot, edited by J. Hall, Oxford, 1887. Quoted by number of poem (or of page) and line.
Mire. Instructions for Parish Priests by John Myrc, edited by E. Peacock, E.E.T.S., No. 31, 1868. Quoted by line.
Misc. An Old English Miscellany, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S., No. 49, 1872. Quoted by page and line.
Mk. The Gospel of St. Mark. v. Mt.
Mobr. Venerabilis Baedae Historia Ecclesiae Gentis j Anglorum, cura G. H. Moberly, Oxon., 1869.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
Mod. Confit. Confessio et oratio ad Deum, MS. Cott. Tib. A. 3, fol. 44, v. Wanl. Cat. p. 195. See an edition of this piece, Anglia xi. 112-115.
Mod. Lang. Notes. Modern Language Notes, Baltimore.
Mone. Mone’s Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der teutschen Literatur und Sprache, Leipzig, 1830.
Mone A. A copy of the same glossary as Glos. Brux. Reed, printed in Mone.
Mone B. A copy of the same glossary as Hpt. Gl. printed in Mone.
Morris Spec. i. Specimens of Early English, edited by R. Morris, Part I. Oxford, 1882. Quoted by page and line of section.
Mort A. Morte Arthure, edited by E. Brock, E.E.T.S., No. 8, 1865. Quoted byline.
Morte Arthure (Halliwell). From a MS. quoted in Halli- well’s Dictionary.
Mt. The Gospel of St. Matthew. Several editions of various versions of the Gospels are referred to, for a detailed notice of which see Prof. Skeat’s preface to his edition of St. Mark’s Gospel in the series noted below under Kmbl.
Bos. The Gothic and Anglo-Saxon Gospels with the versions ofWycliffe and Tyndale, edited byj. Bosworth, London, 1865.
Foxe. The Gospels of the fower Euangelistes, translated in the olde Saxon tyme out of Latin into the Vulgare toung of the Saxons, London, printed by John Daye, 1571. This work was published by Fox, the Martyro- logist.
Hat. The Hatton MS. in the Bodleian Library, at Oxford, marked 38. See Wanl. Cat. p. 76.
Jun. Quatuor D. N. Jesu Christi Euangeliorum ver- siones perantiquae duae, Gothica scil. et Anglo- Saxonica; illam ex Codice Argenteo depromsit- Franciscus Junius, hanc curavit Thomas Mareschallus, Dordrechti, 1665.
Kmbl. The Gospel according to Saint Matthew in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian Versions. Cam- bridge, 1858. The work was begun by J. M. Kemble and completed by Mr. Hardwick. The other Gospels were edited by Prof. Skeat, who in 1887 edited this Gospel also.
Lind. MS. Cott. Nero D. 4. The Latin Text was written in the island of Lindisfarne. See Wanl. Cat. p. 250.
Rl. MS. Bibl. Reg. I. A. xiv. See Wanl. Cat. p. 181.
Rush. MS. Auct. D. ii. 19, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. The MS. was at one time in the possession of John Rushworth, deputy-clerk to the House of Commons during the Long Parliament, and was by him presented to the Bodleian Library. See Wanl. Cat. p. 31.
Skt. v. Kmbl.
Stv. An edition of the Lindisfarne and Rushworth Gospels was published by the Surtees Society (Nos. 28, 39, 43, 48, 1854-1865), the first volume being edited by Rev. J. Stevenson, the last three by G. Waring.
Th. The Anglo-Saxon version of the Holy Gospels, edited by B. Thorpe, London and Oxford, 1842.
War. v. Stv.
N. Dictionarium Saxonico-Anglicum Laurentii Noelli, in the Bodleian Library. See Wanl. Cat. p. 102.
N. P. Nugae Poeticae. Select pieces of Old English popular poetry, edited by J. O. Halliwell, London, 1844. Quoted by page.
Nar. Narratiunculae Anglice conscriptae, edited by O. Cockayne, London, x 861 . Quoted by page and line.
Nat. S. Greg. Els. An English-Saxon Homily on the Birthday of St. Gregory, translated into Modern English by Elizabeth Elstob, London, 1709 (cf. Homl. Th. ii. 1 16). Quoted by page and line.
Nath. (Nathan). Nathanis Judaei legatio ad Tiberium Caesarem. It is contained in a MS. preserved in the University Library at Cambridge, described in Wanl. Cat. p. 152, and has been edited in Publications of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society by C. W. Goodwin, Cambridge, 1851. v. St. And., under which abbreviation references by page and line are given except in the earlier part of the Dictionary.
Nicod. (Nic.) ; Thw. (Nicod. Thw.). An Anglo-Saxon ver- sion of the Gospel of Nicodemus, printed in Thw. Hept.
Num. The Anglo-Saxon version of the book of Numbers, v. Deut.
O. and N. An Old English poem of the Owl and the Nightingale, edited by F. H. Stratmann, Krefeld, 1868. Quoted by line.
O. E[ngl.] Homl. Old English Homilies, edited by R. Morris, E.E.T.S., first series, Nos. 29, 32 ; second series, No. 53, 1867-1868, 1873. Quoted by series, page and line.
O. E. Misc. = Misc.
O. Frs. Old Frisian; the forms are taken from Altfriesi- sches Worterbuch von Karl von Richthofen, Gottingen, 1840.
O. H. Ger. Old High German, v. Grff.
O. L. Ger. Old Low German ; the references are mostly to Kleinere altniederdeutsche Denkmaler, herausgegeben von M. Heyne, Paderborn, 1877.
O. Nrs. v. I cel.
O. Sax. v. Hel.
Obs. Lun. De obseruatione We, printed from MS. Cott. Tib. A. iii. fol. 30 b in Lchdm. iii. 184.
Octo Vit. eap[it]. A homily De octo vitiis et de xii. abusivis, in a MS. of the Bodleian, Cod. Jun. 24, p. 329 (Wanl. Cat. p. 42). It is printed in O. E. Homl. i. 296- 304. Cf. also Homl. Skt. i. 16, 246-384.
Octov. Octovian Imperator in Weber’s Metrical Romances, vol. iii., 1810. Quoted by line.
Off. episefop.]. The reference seems to be to the matter printed in Thorpe’s Laws from Cod. Jun. 121, and referred to as L. I. P. (e. g. a-wildian will be found, Th. ii. 322, 15).
Off. reg[um]. The same MS. as the preceding seems some- times to be referred to, e. g. efen-wel occurs Th. ii. 324, 2 : but bcec-slitol I have noted only Wulfst. 72, 16, where the MS. is Cod. Jun. 99 (Wanl. Cat. p. 27).
Orm. The Ormulum, edited by R. M. White, Oxford, 1852. •Quoted by line.
Ors. ; Bos. King Alfred’s Anglo-Saxon version of the com- pendious history of the world by Orosius, edited by J. Bosworth, London, 1859. Quoted by book and chapter (Ors.), and by page and line (Bos.).
Ors. Hav. The edition of Orosius by Havercamp, Leyden, 1738.
Ors.; Swt. King Alfred’s Orosius, edited by H. Sweet, E.E.T.S., No. 79, 1883. Quoted by book and chapter (Ors.), and by page and line (Swt.).
Ottf. Otfrid’s Krist, edited by E. G. Graff, Konigsberg, 1831.
P. B. Beitrage zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und
Literatur, herausgegeben von H. Paul und W. Braune.
P. L. S. Early English Poems and Lives of Saints, edited by F. J. Furnivall, Philol. Soc., 1862. Quoted by number of piece and line (or stanza).
P. R. L. P. Political, Religious, and Love Poems, edited by F. J. Furnivall, E.E.T.S., No. 15, 1866. Quoted by page and line.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
P. S. The Political Songs of England, from the reign of John to that of Edward II, edited by T. Wright, Camden Soc., No. vi., 1839. Quoted by page and line.
Palgrv. Eng. Com. Palgrave’s Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth, London, 1834.
Pall. Palladius on Husbondrie, edited by B. Lodge and S. T. Herrtage, E.E.T.S., Nos. 52 and 72, 1872 and 1879. Quoted by page and line of book.
Parten. The Romans of Partenay, edited by W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., No. 22, 1866. Quoted by line.
Past. ; Hat. An Anglo-Saxon version of Gregory’s Pastoral Care, contained in a MS. (Hatton 20) preserved in the Bodleian Library. Quoted by chapter and paragraph of an edition of the Cura Pastoralis by J. Stephen, London, 1629 (Past.), and by folio and line of MS. (Hat.).
Past. ; Swt. The Anglo-Saxon version of Gregory’s Pas- toral Care from the Hatton MS. and the Cotton MSS., edited by H. Sweet, E.E.T.S., Nos. 45 and 50, 1871-1872. Quoted by chapter (Past.), and by page and line (Swt.).
Peceat[oi-um] Medic[ina] = L. Pen. (e. g. asplwan may be found L. Pen. 5 ; Th. ii. 278, 22).
Pegge’s Kenticisms. An Alphabet of Kenticisms by Samuel Pegge, 1735. E. D. S., 1876.
Piers [P.]. The Vision of William concerning Piers the Plowman (Text B), E.E. T. S., No. 38, 1869. [Texts A and C are Nos. 28 and 54.] Quoted by passus and line.
Piers P. Crede. Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede, edited by W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., No. 30, 1867. Quoted by line.
PI. Cr. = Piers P. Crede.
Pol. Songs Wrt. = P. S.
Pr. C. The Priclce of Conscience, by R. Rolle de Hampole, edited by R. Morris, Philol. Soc., 1863. Quoted by line.
Pref. [./Elfe.]. Thw. .TElfric’s preface to Genesis in Thw. Hept. Quoted by page and line.
Pref. (Prooem.) R. Conc[ord]. Prohemium regularis con- cordie Anglicae nationis monachorum (MS. Cott. Tib. A. 3, v. Wanl. Cat., p. 193). This is edited in Anglia, vol. xiii. p. 365, and in the later part of the Dictionary this edition is referred to.
Prehn’s Ratsel des Exeterbuehes. Komposition und Quellen der Ratsel des Exeterbuehes, von Dr. August Prehn, Paderborn, 1883.
Proclam. H. III. The only English Proclamation of Henry III, edited by Alex. J. Ellis, Philol. Soc., 1868.
Prompt. [Parv.]. Promptorium Parvulorum, sive Cleri- corum, dictionarius Anglo-Latinus princeps, auctore fratre Galfrido, recensuit Albertus Way, Camden Soc., Nos. xxv., liv., lxxxix., 1843-1865. Quoted by page.
Prov. Glosses on the book of Proverbs, which are printed as noticed under Kent. Gl. Quoted by chapter (and verse).
Prov. Kmbl. Anglo-Saxon Apothegms in Salm. Kmbl. (q. v.) Part III. pp. 258-268. Quoted by number.
Prud. v. Gl. Prud. (2).
Ps. An Early English Psalter, edited by J. Stevenson, Sur- tees Soc., Nos. 16, 19, 1843-1847. Quoted by psalm and verse.
Ps. Grn. The edition of the metrical version of Psalms 51- 150 in Grein’s Bibliothek der Angelsachsischen Poesie. 2. Band. Gottingen, 1858.
Ps. Lamb. An interlinear version of the Psalms in a MS. preserved in the library of Lambeth Palace. It is thus described by Wanley : Psalterium D. Hieronymi Galli- cum, Astericis et obolis, punctisque Musicis subjectis notatum, una cum interlineata Versione Saxonica, Cata- logue, p. 268.
Ps. Spl. Psalterium Davidis Latino-Saxonicum vetus. A Johanne Spelmanno D. Hen. fil. editum. E vetustissimo
5 exemplari MS. in Bibliotheca ipsius Henrici, et cum tribus aliis non multo minus vetustis collatum, Lon- dini, 1640. The MS. used by Spelman subsequently was in the library at Stowe, and has been described by Dr. O’Conor in his account of that library. Afterwards it passed into the possession of Lord Ashburnham. Of the three collated MSS., which Spelman refers to under the letters C, T, M, the first is in the University Library at Cambridge, see Wanl. Cat. p. 152 ; the second is in the library of Trin. Coll. Camb., and has been edited by F. Harsley, E.E.T.S., No. 92, 1889 (Eadwine’s Canter- bury Psalter) ; the third is Arundel MS. No. 60 in the British Museum. The printed edition, as regards C J and T, was collated with those MSS. for Dr. Bosworth by Dr. Aldis Wright, and many corrections were made.
Ps. Stev. or Surt. An Anglo-Saxon Psalter (printed from MS. Cott. Vesp. A. 1), edited by J. Stevenson, Surtees Soc., Nos. 16, 19, 1843-1847.
Ps. Th. Libri Psalmorum versio antiqua Latina ; cum t paraphrasi Anglo -Saxonica, partim soluta oratione, partim metrice composita. E Cod. MS. in Bibl. Regia Parisiensi adservato descripsit et edidit B. Thorpe, Oxonii, 1835.
Ps. Trin. Camb. = Ps. Spl. T.
Ps. Vos[sii]. An interlinear version of the Psalms in a MS. given by Isaac Vossius to Francis Junius (MS. Bodl. Junius 27). See Wanl. Cat. p. 76.
R., Lye. ASlfric’s Vocabulary, transcribed by or for Junius 1 from a MS. in the possession of Reubens the painter, v. Wanl. Cat. p. 96. It was printed by Somner at the end of his Dictionary, and will be found in Wrt. Voc. i. 15.
R. Ben. Die Angelsachsische Prosabearbeitung der Bene- dictinerregel, herausgegeben von A. Schroer, Kassel, 1885. Quoted (at first by chapter, later) by page and line.
R. Ben. Interl. The Rule of S. Benet. Latin and Anglo- { Saxon interlinear version. Edited by H. Logeman, E.E.T.S., No. 90, 1888. Quoted (at first by chapter, | later) by page and line. i
R. Brun[ne]. Peter Langtoft’s Chronicle (as illustrated and ] improved by Robert of Brunne), published by Thomas 1 Hearne, Oxford, 1725. Quoted by page and line.
R[eg.] Conc[ord]. v. Pref. R. Cone.
R. Glouc. Robert of Gloucester’s Chronicle, published by Thomas Hearne, Oxford, 1724. Quoted by page and line.
R. R. The Romaunt of the Rose, formerly attributed to Chaucer. Quoted by line.
R. S. Religious Songs, edited by Thomas Wright, Percy Soc., vol. xi., 1843. Quoted by number of piece and line.
Rask Hald. Bjorn Halldorsson’s Icelandic-Latin Dictionary, edited by Rask, 1814.
Reed. ; Wrt. Voc. v. Glos. Brux. Reed.
Rel[iq.] Ant[iq.]. Reliquiae Antiquae. Scraps from Ancient Manuscripts, edited by T. Wright and J. O. Halliwell.
2 vols., London, 1845. Quoted by volume, page and line.
Rich. Richard Coer de Lion, in Weber’s Metrical Ro- !•- mances, vol. ii. 3-278. Quoted by’line.
Rol. H. Richard Rolle of Hampole and his followers, I edited by C. Horstmann. 2 vols., London, 1895. Quoted p by volume, page and line.
Rood Kmbl. The Holy Rood, a poem in the Vercelli MS., published with Elen. Kmbl. (q. v.).
Rood Reed. The same poem as the preceding, printed as Andr. Reed. (q. v.).
Rtl. Rituale Ecclesiae Dunelmensis (Latin and interlinear Anglo-Saxon versions), Surtees Soc., No. 10, 1839. Quoted by page and line.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
XI
Runic Inscrip. Kmbl. On Anglo-Saxon Runes. By J. M. Kemble. Archaeologia, published by the Society of Antiquaries, vol. xxviii., London, 1*840. Quoted by page and line.
Runic pm. Kmbl. A poem printed in the above paper. Quoted by page and line.
S. de Fide Cathol. This homily is printed Homl. Th. i. 274.
Salm. Kmbl. Anglo-Saxon Dialogues of Salomon and Saturn, by J. M. Kemble. Printed for the vElfric Society, London, 1845-1848. The poetical part is quoted by line, the prose by page and line.
Sax. Engl. The Saxons in England. A History of the English Commonwealth till the period of the Norman Conquest, by J. M. Kemble. 2 vols., London, 1876.
Schmid [A. S. Gesetz.]. Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen. Herausgegeben von Dr. R. Schmid, Leipzig, 1858.
Scint. Defensoris Liber Scintillarum, with an interlinear Anglo-Saxon version, edited by E. W. Rhodes, E.E.T.S., No. 93, 1889. Quoted (at first by chapter, later) by page and line of the interlinear version. App. [Lib.] Scint. refers to the matter in pp. 223-236 of this edition.
Scint. de Praedest. = Scint., pp. 226-228.
Scop. Th. The Scop or Gleeman’s Tale printed in Beo. Th.
Scot. Scottish, v. Jamieson.
Seebohm Vill. Comm. The English Village Community examined in its relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems, by F. Seebohm, London, 1890.
Serm. Creat. = Homl. Th. i. 8-28. (v. ge-daeman, where
read ge-claeman.)
Shor[eham]. The Religious Poems of William de Shore- ham, edited by T. Wright, Percy Soc. vol. xxviii., 1849. Quoted by page.
Shrn. The Shrine. A Collection of occasional papers on dry subjects, by O. Cockayne, London, 1864-1870. Quoted by page and line.
Skt. Diet. An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, by W. W. Skeat, Oxford, 1879-1882.
Solil. Soliloquia Augustini Selecta et Saxonice reddita ab Allfredo Rege, MS. Cott. Vitell. A. 15, fol. 1. (Printed in Shrn. pp. 163-204.) v. Wanl. Cat. p. 218.
Som. Dictionarium Saxonico-Latino-Anglicum, by E. Som- ner, Oxon., 1659.
Somn. De somniorum diuersitate (MS. Cott. Tib. A. iii. fol. 25 b) and De somniorum eventu (v. Wanl. Cat. p. 40). The two pieces are printed Lchdm. iii. pp. 198- 214, 168-176. Quoted by number of paragraph in the two combined. (In the later part of the Dictionary the references are to Lchdm. iii.)
Soul Kmbl. The departed soul’s address to the body, a poem in the Vercelli MS. published with Elen. Kmbl. (q.v.).
Soul Reed. The same poem as the preceding, printed with Andr. Reed. (q. v.).
Spec. Specimens of Lyric Poetry composed in England in the reign of Edward I, edited by T. Wright, Percy Soc., vol. iv., 1842. Quoted by page and line.
St. And. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St. Andrew and St. Veronica, Cambridge Antiquarian Society, Cambridge, 1851.
Swt. A. S. Prim. An Anglo-Saxon Primer by H. Sweet, Oxford, 1882.
Swt. [A. S.] Rdr. An Anglo-Saxon Reader, in prose and verse, by H. Sweet, Oxford, 1876.
Techm. Internationale Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Sprach- wissenschaft, begriindet und herausgegeben von F. Techmer, Leipzig. Quoted by volume, page and line.
Te Dm. Lamb. (Te Deum ; Lamb.). An interlinear version
of the Te Deum in the same MS. as Ps. Lamb. It is also cited as Hymn ad Mat.
Te Dm. Lye. v. Wanl. Cat. p. 222.
Te Dm. Thomson. A version of the same in Thomson’s Select Monuments of the Doctrine and Worship of the Catholic Church in England before the Norman Con- quest, 1849.
Text. Rof. Textus de Ecclesia Roffensi. v. Wanl. Cat. P- 273-
Th. An[al.] (Anlct.). v. An. Th.
Th. Ap[ol.]. v. Ap. Th.
Th. Ch[art.] (Diplm.). v. Chart. Th.
Th. Lapbg. A History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings, translated from the German of Dr. J. M. Lappen- berg by B. Thorpe, London, 1845.
Th. LI. v. L. ; Th.
Thw. Hept. Heptateuchus, Liber Job, et Evangelium Nicodemi; Anglo-Saxonice. Historiae Judith Frag- mentum ; Dano-Saxonice. Edidit Edwardus Thwaites, Oxoniae, 1698. v. Wanl. Cat. pp. 67-68, 152.
Torrent of Portugal. An English Metrical Romance, edited by J. O. Halliwell, London, 1842.
Tr. and Cr. Chaucer’s Troilus and Creseyde. Quoted by book and line.
Tract, de Spir. Septif. A homily De Septiformi Spiritu. See Wulfst. 50-56.
Trev. Polychronicon Ranulphi Higden, with the English translation of John Trevisa. Rolls Series, 1865-1886. Quoted by volume, page and line.
Trist. Die Nordische und die Englische Version der Tristan-Saga, herausgegeben von E. Kolbing, Heilbronn, 1882-1883. Quoted by line.
Txts. The Oldest English Texts, edited by H. Sweet, E.E.T.S., No. 83, 1885. Quoted by page and number of gloss (or by line).
Tynd. Tyndal’s version of the New Testament.
V. Ps. = Ps. Vos.
Vit. Swith. See either Glostr. Frag, or Homl. Skt. i. 21.
W. Cat. = Wanl. Cat.
W. F. (Wells Frag.). MS. of the A.S. version of the Bene- dictine Rule in the possession of the Chapter at Wells, printed in R. Ben.
W. S. West-Saxon.
Wald. Two leaves of King Waldere’s Lay, published by George Stevens, Copenhagen. Quoted by line.
Wanl. Cat[al.]. Wanley’s Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon MSS., forming the third volume of Hickes’ Thesaurus, Oxoniae, 1705.
Wht. Diet. White and Riddle’s Latin-English Dictionary.
Wick. v. Wyc.
Wicklif Select Wrks. Select English Works of John Wyclif, edited by T. Arnold, Oxford, 1869-1871. Quoted by volume and page.
Wilk. Leges Anglo- Saxonicae Ecclesiasticae et Civiles, edited by D. Wilkins, London, 1721. Quoted by page and line.
Will. The Romance of William of Palerne, edited by W. W. Skeat, E.E.T.S., No. i., 1867. Quoted by line.
Wrt. Biog. Brit. A. Sax. Biographia Britannica Literaria ; or Biography of Literary Characters of Great Britain and Ireland. Anglo-Saxon Period. By Thomas Wright, London, 1842.
Wrt. Popl. Science. Popular Treatises on Science written during the Middle Ages, edited by Thomas Wright, London, 1841. Quoted by page and line.
Wrt. Provncl. Dictionary of Obsolete and Provincial English, compiled by Thomas Wright, London, 1837.
EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES.
Wrt. Spec. v. Spec. '
Wrt. Voc. [i.]. A volume of Vocabularies, edited by Thomas Wright. Privately printed, 1857. Quoted by page and number of gloss.
Wrt Voc. ii. A second volume of Vocabularies, edited by Thomas Wright. Privately printed, 1873. Quoted by page and line.
Wiilck [Gl.]. Anglo-Saxon and Old English Vocabularies, by Thomas Wright. Second edition, edited by R. P. Wiilcker, London, 1884. Quoted by column and line.
Wulfst. Wulfstan. Sammlung der ihm zugeschriebenen
■ Homilien, herausgegeben von A. Napier, Berlin, 1883. Quoted by page and line.
Wyc. The Holy Bible in the earliest English versions made from the Latin Vulgate by John Wycliffe, edited by Forshall and Madden, Oxford, 1850.
York. Gl. A Glossary of words pertaining to the Dialect of Mid-Yorkshire. E. D. S. Pub., 1876.
Zacher. Das Gothische Alphabet Ulfilas und das Runen- alphabet. Eine sprachwissenschaftliche Untersuchung von Julius Zacher, Leipzig, 1855.
CONTRACTIONS USED IN G REIN’S LEXICON POETICUM.
.ZElf. Tod. Poem on the death of Alfred, son of Ethelred, given in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 1036. ZEdelst Poem on Athelstan’s victory at Brunanburgh, given in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under the year 937.
Aim. Almosen, from Cod Exon. p. 467.
Ap. The fates of the Apostles, from the Codex Vercellensis. v. Apstls. Kmbl.
Az. Azarias, from Cod. Exon. p. 185.
B. Beowulf.
By. The death of Byrhtnoth. v. Byrht. Th.
Cra. Be manna craeftum, from Cod. Exon. p. 292.
Cri. Cynewulfs Crist, from Cod. Exon. p. 1.
Dan. Daniel, see Cd. Th. p. 216.
Deor. Deors Klage, from Cod. Exon. p. 3 77- Dom. Domes daeg, from Cod. Exon. p. 445- Edg. Eddgdr, poems from the Chronicle, under the years
973) 975- . , . .
Edm. Eadmund, from the Chronicle, under the year 942. Edw. Eddweard, from the Chronicle, under the year 1065. El. Elene, from the Codex Vercellensis. v. Elen. Kmbl. Exod. Exodus, in Thorpe’s Caedmon, p. 1 77- v- cd- Th-
Ea. Faeder larcwidas, in Cod. Exon. p. 300.
Ein. The Fight at Finsburg. v. Fins. Th.
Gen. Genesis, in Thorpe’s Caedmon, p. 1. v. Cd. Th.
Gn. C. Versus gnomici, from MS. Cott. Tib. I. 2, in Hickes Thesaurus, p. 207.
Gn. Ex. Versus gnomici, from Cod. Exon. p. 333.
Gu. The Legend of St. Guthlac, from Cod. Exon. p. 104.
Ho. Hollenfahrt Christi, from Cod. Exon. p. 459- Hy. Hymnen und Gebete.
Jud. The poem of Judith, v. Judth. Thw.
Jul. The Legend of St. Juliana, from Cod. Exon. p. 242.
Kl. Klage der Frau, from Cod. Exon. p. 442.
Kr. Das heilige Kreuz, from the Codex Vercellensis. v. Rood Kmbl.
Leas. Be manna ledse, from the Codex Vercellensis. v. Fragm. Kmbl.
Men. Menologium. v. Menol. Fox.
Met. The metrical versions of the verses in Boethius, v. Bt. Met. Fox.
Mod. Be manna mode, from Cod. Exon. p. 313.
Pa. Poem on the Panther, from Cod. Exon. p. 355.
Ph. Poem on the Phenix, from Cod. Exon. p. 197.
Phar. Pharao, from Cod. Exon. p. 468.
Ps. Metrical version of Psalms 51-150. v. Ps. Th.
Ps. Ben. Portions of the Psalms gathered from the piece referred to as Btwk.
Ps. C. Version of the 50th Psalm from MS. Cott. Vesp. D. vi.
Ka. Riddles from Cod. Exon.
Reb. Rebhuhn, from Cod. Exon. p. 365.
Reim. Reimlied, from Cod. Exon. p. 352.
Ruin. Ruine, from Cod. Exon. p. 476- Run. Runenlied. v. Runic pm. Kmbl.
Sal. v. Salm. Kmbl.
Sat. Crist und Satan, from Thorpe’s Caedmon, p. 265.
Seef. Seefahrer, from Cod. Exon. p. 306.
Seel. Reden der Seelen, from Cod. Exon. p. 367, see also Soul Kmbl.
Sell. Wunder der Schopfung, from Cod. Exon. p. 346.
Vid. Vfdsid, from Cod. Exon. p. 318.
Vy. Be manna wyrdum, from Cod. Exon. p. 327.
Wal. Walfisch, from Cod. Exon. p. 360.
Wand. Wanderer, from Cod. Exon. p. 286.
A.
A. It is not necessary to speak of the form of what are often called
Anglo-Saxon letters, as all Teutonic, Celtic, and Latin manuscripts of the same age are written in letters of the same form. There is one exception : the Anglo-Saxons had, with great propriety, two different letters for the two distinct sounds of our th : the hard ]) in thin and sooth, and the soft 3 in thine and soothe, vide p, J>. 2. The indigenous
Pagan alphabet of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers, called Runes, it must be particularly observed, not only represents our letters, but the names of the letters are significant. The Runes are chiefly formed by straight lines to be easily carved on wood or stone. For instance, the Rune ft! ac is not only found in inscriptions on wood and stone, but in Anglo-Saxon MSS. and printed books. In manuscripts and in books, it sometimes denotes the letter a ; and, at other times, the oak, from its Anglo-Saxon name, ac the oak. v. AC, and EUU.
B. The short or unaccented Anglo-Saxon a is contained in the fol-
lowing words, which are represented by modern English terms of the same import, having the sound of a in man ; as Can, man, span, hand, land, sand, camp, dranc, etc. 2. The short a is often found in the
final syllables of inflections, -a, -an, -as, -a]), etc. It generally appears in the radix before a doubled consonant, as swamm a fungus, wann wan ; or two different consonants, as mp, mb, nt, nc, ng, etc. — Camp, lamb, plante, dranc, lang, etc. 3. The radical short a can only stand
before a single consonant and si, sc, when this single consonant and these double letters are again followed, in .the inflections or formative syllables, by a, o, u in nouns ; and by a, o, u, e in adjectives ; and a, o, u, and ia in verbs ; as Dagas, daga from daeg, hwalas from hwjel, fatu from fset, gastas from gaest, ascas from zsc; adj. Srnales, smale, smalost, smalu, from smsel small ; Lates, latu, latost, from 1st late: Stapan, faran, starian, wafian. Grimm’s Deut. Gram. vol. i. p. 213, 2nd edit. 1822. In other cases, the short or unaccented ae is used instead of a. See J33 in its alphabetical order. 4. The remarks in 3. are of great importance
m declining words, for monosyllables, ending in a single consonant, in st or sc, change the sb into a, whenever the consonant or consonants are followed by a, o, u in nouns, and a, o, u, e in adjectives, vide JE. 5. It must be remembered then, that a short a cannot stand in a word (1) when it ends in a single consonant, that is, when no inflections of a, o, u in nouns follow; as in Staef, frset: (2) when in nouns a single consonant is followed by e ; as Stxfes, staefe, waeter ; (3) when the word has any other double consonants besides st, sc, though followed by a, o, u ; as Craeft, craefta, aegru n. pi. of aeg : (4) in contracted words, when ae is not in the last syllable ; as iEcer, pi. aeceras, seceruni, contracted secras, aecrum ; waepen, pi. wsepenu ; maegen, pi. maegenu, contracted wsepnu, and maegnu. 6. Though I have given in C. 3. the reasons,
which Grimm assigns for making the prefixed a-, long, I believe it is generally short in A. Sax. as in Eng. a-bide = /l. Sax. a-bldan = bidan, so a-cende = cende ; — Ic todaeg cende [cende Surt; acende Spl. T; Th.] de ego hodie genui te, Ps. Spl. 2, 7. A-beran = beran to hear: — Hefige byrdyna man aberan ne maeg a man is not able to bear heavy burdens, Mt. Bos. 23, 4. Ne bere ge sacc nolite portare sacculum, Lk. Bos. 10, 4. A-biddan = biddan to ask, pray: — AbiddaJ) [biddaj) Cott.] hine pray to him, Bt. 42; Fox 258, 21. Ic bidde de, Drihten 1 pray to thee, Lord, Gen. 19, 18. It is evident by these examples that words have the same meaning with and without the prefixed a- : this a- was not prominent or long, and therefore this prefix is left unaccented in this Dictionary. 7. a- prefixed, sometimes denotes Negation,
deterioration, or opposition, as From, out, away ; thus awendan to turn from, subvert, from wendan to turn; amod out of or without mind, mad; adon to do away, banish, composed of a from, don to do, vide A3. The prefixed a- does not always appear to alter the signifi- cation : in this case it is generally omitted in modern English words derived immediately from Saxon, — thus, Aberan to bear; abrecan to break ; abTtan to bite. The prefixed a-, in such cases, seems to add some
^orce or intensity to the original signification of the word to which it is joined, — thus, f&an to make afraid; terrere : a-fseran to terrify, dismay, astound; exterrere, perterrere, consternare, stupefacere.
C. The long Anglo-Saxon a is accented, and words containing this long or accented a are now represented by English terms, with the vowel sounded like o in no and bone. The following words have either the same or an analogous meaning, both in English and Anglo-Saxon : Ham home, an one, ban bone, han hone, stan stone, sar sore, rap rope, lar lore, gast ghost, wrat wrote. Sometimes the accented or long a is represented in English by oa; as Ac an oak, gad a goad, lad load, rad road, brad broad, fam foam, lam loam, sape soap, ar oar, bar boar, har hoar, bat boat, gat goat, ata oat, aj> oath, laj) loath. Occasionally a becomes oe in English ; as Da a doe, fa a foe, ta toe, wa woe ; but the oe, in these words, has the sound of o in no. The same may be said of oa in oak, goad. Hence it appears that the Anglo-Saxon a is represented by the modem English o, oa, and oe, which have the sound of o in no and bone; as Rad rode (f. of ride), rad a road, and da, a doe. Deut. Gram, von Jacob Grimm, vol. i. pp. 358, 397, 398, 3rd edit. 1840. 2. The long a is often changed into se; as Lar lore, lferan
to teach, an one, senig any. 3. The following is a precise summary
from Grimm of the prefixed a-, long or accented. The prefixed a- is long because it is a contraction and represents the preposition sef of, °ff> from, away, out of, or the preposition on on, in, upon, into, or as the Lat. in and Eng. un ; as a-dune for aef-dune, a-wendian for aef-wendian, a-draedan. for on-draedan, a-gean for on-gean, a-tynan to unshut, open, Ps. Spl. 38, 13, for on-tynan, un-tynan to open. A, as an inseparable particle, is long because it represents the inseparable pre- fixed particles ar, ur, ir, in O. H. Ger. and O. Sax. commonly expressing the meaning of the Latin prepositions ab, ex, ad, etc \,A.Sax. a-hebban, O. //. Ger. ur-hefan elevare; A. Sax. a-fyllan, O.H. Ger. ar-fullan implere; A. Sax. a-beran, O.H. Ger. ar-peran ferre, efferre ; A. Sax. a-seman, O. H. Ger. ir-setnan clarescere. The peculiar force which this particle imparts to different verbs may correspond (1) to the Latin ex out, as a-gangan to go out; exire; (2) to the English up, as a-hleapan to leap up; exsilire : a-fyllan to fill up; implere: (3) it expresses the idea of an origin, becoming, growing, a-blacian to blacken, to become black; a-heardian to grow hard: (4) it corresponds to the Latin re, as a-geban reddere, a-losian redimere, a-secan requirere : (5) it is often used merely to render a verb transitive, or to impart a greater force to the transitive meaning of the simple verb, — a-beodan ojferre, a-ceapian emere, a-lecgan ponere, a-slean occidere : (6) it is used with intransitive verbs, where it has hardly any meaning, unless it suggests the commence- ment or beginning of the action, as a-hleahan ridere, a-sweltan mori : (7) it expresses the end, aim, or purpose of an action, as a-domian con- demnare, a-biddan deprecari, a-wir))an perire. But, after all, it must be borne in mind, that the various shades of its meaning are innumerable, and that, even in one and the same compound, it often assumes different meanings. For further illustration we must therefore refer to the com- pounds in which it occurs, Grm. ii. 818-832. I have, in justice to Grimm, given his motives for marking the prefixed a- long : I believe, however, it is short. See B. 6.
-a, affixed to words, denotes A person, an agent, or actor, hence. All nounsending in a are masculine, and make the gen. in an; as from Cum come [thou], cuma a person who comes, or a guest : Swfc deceive [thou], swTca a traitor: Worht wrought, wyrhta a workman, wright: Foregeng foregoing, foregenga a foregoer : Bead or gebed a supplication, praying, beada a person who supplicates or prays : Bytl a beetle or hammer, bytla a hammerer, builder. Some abstract nouns, and words denoting inanimate things, end in -a ; and these words, having the same declension as those which signify Persons or actors, are masculine ; as Hllsa, an ; m. fame : Tima, an ; m. time : Llchama, an ; m. a body : Steorra, an ; m. a star : Gewuna, an ; m. a custom, habit.
a ; prep. acc. To, for; in : — A worlda world to or in an age of ages ; in seculorum seculum, Ps. Th. 18, 8, = on worlda world, Ps. Lamb. 20, 5,j=on worulda world, Ps. Th. 103, 6.
A, aa, aaa ; adv. Always, ever, for ever ; hence the O. Eng. aye, ever ; semper, unquam, usque : — Ac a sceal dset wiiterwearde gemetgian ? B
A— a-be6dan.
but ever tnust the contrary moderate, Bt. 21; Fox 74, 19. An God a on1 ecnysse one God to all eternity [lit. one God ever, in eternity] , Homl. Th. ii. 22, 32. A on ecnisse usque in ceternum, Jos. 4, 7. Ic a ne geseah ‘ I not ever saw’ = I never saw, Cd. 19; Th. 24, 10; Gen. 375. A = sefre : Nfi, sceal beon a on II abbod now, there shall always [ever] be an abbot in Iona, Chr. 565 ; Th. 33, 2, col. 2. Nu, sceal beon sefre on II abbod now, there shall ever [ always ] be an abbot in Iona, Chr. 565 ; Th. 32, 11 ; 33, 4, col. I. He bi]> aa [aa MS.] ymbe dset an he is for ever about that one [thing], L. Th. ii. 310, 25. Aa on worulda woruld semper in seculorum seculutn, Ps. Th. 105, 37. Nu and aaa [aaa MS.], to worulde bfiton seghwilcum ende now and ever, to a world without any end, Bt. 42 ; Fox 260, 15. A world for ever. Ex. 21, 6. A for]) ever forth, from thence, Bt. Tupr. 303, 31. [The original signification seems to be a flowing, referring to time, which every moment flows on, hence ever, always, also to se, ea flowing water, a river. In Johnston’s Index Geog. there are nineteen rivers in Europe with the name of Aa = A.] a, indecl ; f A law; lex: — Dryhtnes a the Lord’s law, Andr. Reed. 2387 ; An. 1196. vide JE.
aae, e; f An oak: — Aac-tfin Acton Beauchamp, Worcestershire, Cod. Dipl. 75 ; A. D. 727 ; Kmbl. i. 90, 19. v. Ac-tfin. aad a pile : — He mycelne aad gesomnode he gathered a great pile, Bd. 3, 16 ; S. 542, 22. v. ad.
aeedan to lay waste; vastare, Gen. 1280 : a sedan, Cd. 64 ; Th. 77, 24. v. sedan.
aam, es ; m. A reed of a weaver's loom, Exon. 109 a ; Th. 417, 22 ; Ra. 36, 8 ; Cod. Lugd. Grn. v. am. aar honour : — In aar naman in honore nominis, Bd. 2, 6; S. 508, note 43 : 5, 11 ; S. 626, note 36. v. AK ; /. aaj> an oath :— He _done aa]) gesaeh he saw the oath, Th. Dipl. A. D. 825; p.71,12. v. Ap.
a-bacan, ic -bace, du -bsecest, -bsecst, he -baecej), -bsec]), pi. -bacaj) ; p. -boc, pi. -bocon; pp. -bacen To bake; pinsere, coquere : — Se hlaf purh fyres hsetan abacen the bread baked by the heat of fire, Homl. Pasc. Daye, A.D. 1567, p. 30, 8; Lisl. 4to, 1623, p. 4, 16; Homl. Th. ii. p. 268, 9.
a-bad expected, waited: — And abad swa deah seofon dagas expecla- vitque nihilominus septem alios dies, Gen. 8, 12. v. abldan. a-baed, absedon asked; p. of abiddan.
a-beedan; p. -bsedde; pp. -balded To restrain, repel, compel; avertere, repellere, cogere, exigere : — Is fira senig, de deaj) abide is there any man, who can restrain death f Salm. Kmbl. 957 ; Sal. 478. Bast oft wipen abid his mondryhtne which often repels the weapon for its lord, Exon. 114a; Th. 437, 24; Ra. 56, 12. v. b sedan.
a-basligan ; p. ode ; pp. od To offend, to make angry ; irritare, offen- dere: — Sceal gehyegan hseleda seghwylc daet he ne abselige beam wal- dendes every man must be mindful that he offend not the son of the powerful, Cd. 217; Th. 276, 27; Sat. 195. v. a-belgan, a-bylgan. a-baer bore or took away; sustulit, Ps. Spl. 77, 76 ; p. of a-beran. ABAL, afol, es ; n. Power of body, strength; vigor, vires, robur cor- poris : — Bln abal and craeft thy strength and power, Cd. 25 ; Th. 32, 9 ; Gen. 500. [Orm. afell : O. H. Ger. aval, n : O. Nrs. afl, n. robur, vis : Goth, abrs strong : Grk. b@pip.os.]
a-bannan ; p. -beonn, pi. -beonnon ; pp. -bannen. I. to command, order, summon ; mandare, jubere : — Abannan to beadwe to summon to battle, Elen. Grm. 34. II. to publish, proclaim; with fit to order out, call forth, call together, congregate, assemble ; edicere, avocare, citare : — Aban du da beornas fit of ofne command thou the men out of the oven, Cd. 193 ; Th. 242, 32 ; Dan. 428. Da het se cyng abannan fit ealne ])eodscipe then the king commanded to order out [to assemble] all the population, Chr. 1006; Erl. 140, 8. v. bannan.
a-barian ; p. ede ; pp. ed [a, barian to make bare ; bser, se bara ; adj. bare] To make bare, to manifest, discover, disclose; denudare, prodere, in medium proferre : — Gif du abarast fire sprsece si sermonem nostrum profers in medium, J05. 2, 20: R. Ben. Interl. 46: Cot. 80. a-bafc bit, ate: — He abat he ate, MS. Cott. Jul. E. vii. 237; Salm. Kmbl. 121,15; p. of a-bltan.
abbad, abbod, abbud, abbot, es ; m: abboda, an ; m. I. an abbot;
abbas, — the title of the male superior of certain religious establishments, thence called abbeys. The word abbot appears to have been, at first, applied to any member of the clerical order, just as the French Pere and English Father. In the earliest age of monastic institutions the monks were not even priests : they were merely religious persons, who retired from the world to live in common, and the abbot was one of their number, whom they elected to preside over the association. In regard to general ecclesiastical discipline, all these communities were at this early time subject to the bishop of the diocese, and even to the pastor of the parochial district within the bounds of which they were established. At length it began to be usual for the abbot to be in orders ; and since the sixth century monks generally have been priests. In point of dignity an abbot is generally next to a bishop. A minute account of the different descriptions of abbots may be found in Du
Cange’s Glossary, and in Carpentier’s supplement to that work : — Se ( arwurda abbad Albmus the reverend abbot Albinus, Bd. pref. Riht is ] daet aSbodas fseste on mynstrum wunian it is right that abbots dwell closely in their minsters, L. I. P. 13 ; Th. ii. 320, 30. Her Forjjred j
abbud for)>ferde in this year abbot Forthred died, Chr. 803 ; Erl. 60, 13. I
Se abbot Saxulf the abbot Saxulf, Chr. 675; Ing. 50, 15. Swa gebirej) i abbodan as becometh abbots, L. Const. W. p. 150, 27; L. I. P. 13; Th. I ii. 320, 35. II. bishops were sometimes subject to an abbot, as they j
were to the abbots of Iona : — Nfi, sceal beon sefre on II abbod, and na biscop ; j and dan sculon beon underjeodde ealle Scotta biscopas, fordan de Columba 1 [MS. Columban] was abbod, na biscop now, in Ii [Iona] , there must ever be an abbot, not a bishop; and to him must all bishops of the Scots ;
be subject, because Columba was an abbot, not a bishop, Chr. 565 ; Th. i
32, 10-16, col. 1. [Laym. abbed : O. Frs. abbete : N. Ger. abt : J O. H. Ger. abbat : Lat. abbas ; gen. abbatis an abbot : Goth, abba : Syr. N3R abba father, from Heb. 2X ab father, pi. D13X abot fathers.] j der. abbad-dom, -had, -isse, -rice : abboda. abbad-dom an abbacy, v. abbud-dom. abbad-had the state or dignity of an abbot, v. abbud-had. abbadisse, abbodisse, abbatisse, abbudisse, abedisse, an ; f. [abbad an abbot, isse a female termination, q. v.] An abbess ; abbatissa : — Riht is dset ; abbadissan fseste on mynstrum wunian it is right that abbesses dwell closely i in their nunneries, L. I. P. 13 ; Th. ii. 320, 30 : L. Const. W. 150, 21 : Bd. : 3, 8 ; S. 531, 14 : Guthl. 2 ; Gdwin. 16, 22 : Bd. 3, 1 1 ; S. 536, 38. abbad-rlce an abbacy, v. abbod-rlce.
Abban dun, e; f. Abingdon, in Berkshire, Chr. 985; Ing. 167, 5. . v. TEbban dfin.
abbod an abbot, L.I.P. 13 ; Th. ii. 320, 30. v. abbad. abboda, an; m. An abbot; abbas: — Swa gebirej) abbodan as becometh ■ abbots, L. I. P. 13 ; Th. ii. 320, 35. v. abbad.
abbod-rlce, abbot-rice, es; n. The rule of an abbot, an abbacy; ab- 'j batia : — On his time wsex daet abbodrlce swlde rice in his time the abbacy ] waxed very rich, Chr. 656 ; Ing. 41,1. On dis abbotrlce in this abbacy, I Chr. 675; Ing. 51, 12.
abbodysse an abbess, Guthl. 2 ; Gdwin. 16, 22. v. abbadisse. abbot an abbot, Chr. 675 ; Ing. 50, 15. v. abbad. abbud an abbot, Chr. 803; Erl. 60, 13: Bd. 5, 23; S. 645, 14. v. abbad.
abbud-dom, es ; m. [ = abbod-rlce, q. v.] An abbacy, the rule or autho- rity of an abbot; abbatia, abbatis jus vel auctoritas : — Abbuddomes, gen. ;
Bd. 5, I; S. 613, 18. Abbuddome, dat. 5, 21 ; S. 642, 37.
abbud-had, es ; m. The state or dignity of an abbot ; abbatis dig- ] nitas: — Munuchad and abbudhad ne syndon getealde to dysum getele ; monkhood and abbothood are not reckoned in this number, L. TElf. C. 18 ; j Th. ii. 348, 31.
abbudisse, an; m. An abbess : — Dasealdeseo abbudisse him sumne dsel ■ dsere moldan tunc dedit ei abbatissa portiunculam de pulvere illo, Bd. 3,
11 ; S. 536, 38. v. abbadisse.
a-be&g bowed down, Beo. Th. 1555 ; B. 775 ; p. of a-bfigan. a-bealh angered, Cd. 222 ; Th. 290, 4; Sat. 410. v. a-belgan. a-beatan ; p. -beot ; pp. -beaten To beat, strike ; tundere, percellere : — Stormum abeatne beaten by storms, Exon. 21 b; Th. 58, 26; Cri. 941. v. beatan.
a-beden asked, Nicod. 12; Thw. 6, 15 : Bd. 4, 10; S. 578, 31 ; pp, j of a-biddan.
abedisse, an; f. An abbess; abbatissa : — Baere abedissan betaehton com- ? mitted to the abbess, Chr. 1048 ; Erl. 181, 28. v. abbadisse.
a-began ; p. de ; pp. ed ; v. trans. To bend, bend down, bow, reduce, subdue; incurvare, redigere, subigere : — Weor])e heora bsec swylce abeged eac dorsum illorum semper incurva, Ps. Th. 68, 24 : Chr. 1073 ; Erl. 2 1 2,
1: 1087; Th. 356, 10. v. began.
a-begendlic; adj. Bending ; flexibilis, Som. v. a-began. a-behofian ; p. ode To behove, concern ; decere : — Mid maran unrsede done him abehofode with more animosity than it behoved him, Chr. 1093 ; I Th. 360, 4. v. be-hofian.
a-belgan, ic -beige, dfi -bilgst, -bilhst, he -bylgj), -bilh]>, pi. -belgaf); u p. -bealg, -bealh, pi. -bulgon ; pp. -bolgen, v. trans. [a, belgan to irritate ] fj To cause any one to swell with anger, to anger, irritate, vex, incense ; ira Si aliquem tumefacere, irritare, exasperare, incendere : — Ne sceal ic de abel- R gan 7 would not anger thee, Salm. Kmbl. 657; Sal. 328. Oft ic wife ri abelge oft I irritate a woman, Exon. 105 b; Th. 402, 20; Ra. 21, 32. I He abilhj; Gode he will incense God, Th. Dipl. 856; 1 17, 20. Ic de I abealh 7 angered thee, Cd. 222 ; Th. 290, 4 ; Sat. 410 : Beo. Th. 4550 ; J' B. 2280. God abulgan Deum exacerbaverunt, Ps. Th. 77, 41 : Ex. 32, u 29. Nfi hig me abolgen habba]> irascatur furor mens contra eos. Ex. I 32, 10. He him abolgen wurjie]) he will be incensed against them, Cd. 1 22; Th. 28,4; Gen. 430. Waes swyde abolgen erat graviler offensus, I Bd. 3, 7; S. 530, 8.
a-beodan ; p. -be&d ; pp. -boden ; v. a. [a, beodan to order ] To j] announce, relate, declare, offer, command; referre, nuntiare, annuntiare, I
A-BEOFIAN — A-BREDAN.
3
edicere, offerre, jubere : — Daet he wolde d;et firende abeodan that he would declare the errand , Ors. 4, 6 ; Bos. 86, 20 : Cd. 91 ; Th. 115, 14 ; Gen. 1919: 200; Th. 248, 9; Dan. 510.
a-beofian To he moved or shaken, to tremble; mover:, contremere: — Ealle abeofedan eorpan stadelas movebuntur omnia fundamenta terras, Ps. Th. 81, 5. v. beofian.
a-beornan; p. -beam, -barn, pi. -burnon; pp. -bornen, !/. intrans. To burn ; exardere : — Fyr abarn exarsit ignis, Ps. Th. 105, 16. v. beornan.
a-beran ; p. -baer ; pp. -boren. I. to bear, carry, suffer ; portare,
ferre : — Be man aberan ne mseg which they are not able to bear, Mt. Bos. 23, 4. HI ne magon nan earfoda aberan they cannot bear any troubles, Bt. 39, 10 ; Fox 228, 3 : Andr. Kmbl. 1912 ; An. 958 : Ps. Th. 54, 11. II. to take or carry away; tollere, auferre: — Abser hine
of eowdum sceapa sustulit eum de gregibus ovium, Ps. Spl. 77, 76 : Ps. Grn. 50, 12. v. beran.
a-berd, -bered; adj. Sagacious, crafty, cunning; callidus, Wrt. Voc. 47, 36: Lchdm. hi. 192, 10: 188, 26: 186, 17.
a-berend-llc ; adj. [berende bearing ] Bearable, tolerable, that may be borne; tolerabilis : — Aberendllc broc bearable affliction, Bt. 39, 10; Fox 228, 4, note 5.
a-berstan ; p. -bearst, pi. -burston ; pp. -borsten [a, berstan] To burst, break, to be broken ; perfringi. v. for-berstan.
a-bet ; adv. Better ; melius : — Hwaeder de se ende abet llcian wille whether the end will better please thee, Bt. 35, 5 ; Fox 166, 23. v. bet.
a-bepecian ; subj. dfi abepecige ; p. ode ; pp. od [be, peccan to cover ] To uncover, detect, find hidden, to discover, disclose; detegere: — Buton du hit forstele odde abepecige unless thou steal it, or find, (it) hid, Bt. 32, 1 ; Fox 114, 9.
a-bicgan ; p. -bohte ; pp. -boht ; v. a. [a, bycgan to buy ] To buy, pay for, recompense ; emere, redimere : — Gif frtman wid fries mannes wlf geligep, his wergelde abicge if a freeman lie with a freeman’s wife, let him buy her with his wergeld, i. e. price, L. Ethb. 31; Th. i. 10, 7. v. a-bycgan.
a-bidan, ic -bide, du -bldest, -bltst, -blst, he -bldep, -bit, pi. -bidap ; p. -bad, pi. -bidon ; pp. -biden ; v. intrans. To abide, remain, wait, wait for, await ; manere, sustinere, expectare : — Hy abldan sceolon in sin-nihte they must abide in everlasting night, Exon. 31b; Th. 99, 28; Cri. 1631. Her sculon abldan ban here the bones shall remain, 99 a; Th. 370, 18; Seel. 61. Abad swa deah seofon dagas expectavit nihilominus septem alios dies, Gen. 8, 12. We fidres sceolon abldan alium expecta- mus? Mt. Bos. 11, 3. Ic abad [anbldode Spl.] hfilu dine expectabam salutare tuum, Ps. Surt. 118, 166. Sawla fire abldyp Driht anima nostra sustinet Dominum, Ps. Spl. C. 32, 20. Windes abidon ventum expecta- bant, Bd. 5, 9; S. 623, 19. Dfir abldan sceal maga miclan domes there the being [ Grendel] shall await the great doom, Beo. Th. 1959; B. 977 : Exon. 115 b; Th. 444, 27; Kl. 53. [Laym. abiden ; p. abad, abed, abeod, abod, abaod, abide, pi. abiden.] v. bldan.
a-biddan, ic -bidde, dfi -bidest, -bitst, he -bit, -byt, -bitt, pi. -biddap ; p. -bsed, pi. -bfidon ; pp. -beden To ask, pray, pray to, pray for, obtain by asking or praying ;' petere, precari, postulare, exorare, impetrare: — Wilt tfi wit unc abiddan drincan vis petamus bibere? Bd. 5, 3 ; S. 616, 30. Abiddap [Cott. biddap] hine eapmfidllce pray to him humbly, Bt. 42 ; Fox 258, 21. Se de hwaet to lfine abit qui quidquam mutuo postulaverit. Ex. 22, 14. Ne mihte ic lyfnesse abiddan nequaquam impetrare potui, Bd. 5, 6; S. 619, 8. Da sendon hy tua heora firendracan to Rfimanum aefter fride ; and hit abiddan ne mihtan then they sent their ambassadors twice to Rome for peace ; and could not obtain it, Ors. 4, 7 ; Bos. 87, 39. He abiddan maeg daet ic de lfite duguda brfican he may obtain by prayer that I will let thee enjoy prosperity, Cd. 126; Th. 161, 5; Gen. 2660. v. biddan.
a-bifian, -bifigan; p. ode, ede; pp. od, ed To be moved or shaken, to tremble; moveri, contremere: — For ansyne ecan Dryhtnes decs eorpe sceal eall abifigan a facie Domini mota est terra, Ps. Th. 113,7. v- bifian. a-bilgp, a-bilhp anger, an offence, v. a-bylgp. a-biran to bear, carry ; portare, Bd. 1, 27 ; S. 491, 31. v. a-beran. a-bisegien should prepossess, Bt. 35, 1 ; Fox 154, 32. v. abysgian. a-bit prays, Ex. 22, 14; pres, of a-biddan.
a-bltan, ic -bite, dfi -bltest, -bltst, he -bltep, -bit, pi. -bitap; p. -bat, pi. -biton; pp. -biten; v. a. To bite, eat, consume, devour; mordere, arrodere, mordendo necare, comedere, devorare : — Gif hit wlldeor abltap, here forp daet abitene and ne agife si comestum a bestia, deferat ad eum quod occisum est, et non restituet. Ex. 22, 13. He abat his suna he ate his children, Salm. Kmbl. p. 121, 15. Daet se wod-freca were-wulf tfi feia ne ablte of godcundre heorde that the ferocious man-wolf devour not too many of the spiritual flock, L. I. P. 6; Th. ii. 310, 31. Mine seep sind abitene my sheep are devoured, Homl. Th. i. 242, 10. Du his ne abltst non comedas ex eo, Deut. 28, 31. v. bitan. a-biterian, -bitrian ; p. ode; pp. od To make sour or bitter; exacer- bare. v. biterian, biter bitter.
a-bi-tweonum ; prep. dat. Between; inter: — Ic wiht geseah horna abitweonum [hornum bitweonum, Grn ; Th.] hfide 1 sedan I saw a
creature bringing spoil between its. horns. Exon. 107 b; Th. 41 1, 19; Ra. 30, 2. (Sansk. abhi : Zend aibi.] v. bi-tweonum.
a-blacian, -blacigan ; p. ode; pp. od To be or look pale, grow pale; pallere, obrigescere: — Ablacodon obriguerunt. Ex. 22, 16? Lye. Ic blacige palleo, IE\fc. Gr. 26, 2 ; Som. 28, 42. Blacian from bllcan, p. blac to shine : blfican to bleach, whiten, fade. Observe the difference between .blac, blac pallid, bleak, pale, and blaec, blaces, se blaca black, swarthy. der. blacian pallere.
a-blseean ; p. -blfihte; pp. -blfiht [a, blfican to bleach ] To bleach, whiten; dealbare, Ps.Vos. 50, 8: 67, 15.
a-blsecnes, -ness, e; f. A paleness, gloom; pallor, Herb. 164 ; Lchdm. i. 294, 3, note 6. v. ae-blficnys. a-blaendan to blind, deaden, benumb, v. ablendan. a-blann rested; p. of a-blinnan to leave off.
a-blawan ; p. -bleow ; pp. -blawen To blow, breathe ; flare, efflare : — On ablefiw inspiravit, Gen. 2, 7. Ut ablawan to breathe forth, Hexam. 4 ; Norm. 8, 20. Nfifre mon daes hlude byman ablawep never does a man blow the trumpet so loudly, "Exon, liqb; Th.451, 27; D6m.no. God da geworhte mannan and ableow on his ansyne llfllcne bifid God then made man and blew into his face the breath of life, Hexam. 1 1 ; Norm. 18, 25. a-blawung, e ; /. A blowing, v. blawung.
a-blend, se a-blenda ; adj. Blinded; caecatus: — Wenap da ablendan mod the blinded minds think, Bt. 38, 5 ; Fox 206, 6. v. pp. of a-blendan.
a-blendan ; p. -blende, pi. -blendon ; pp. -blended, -blend ; v. a. To blind , make blind, darken, stupify ; caecare : — Da gyldenan stanas ablendap daes modes edgan the golden stones blind the mind’s eyes, Bt. 34, 8 ; F'ox 144, 34. Swa biop ablend so are blinded, 38, 5; Fox 206, 1. Ic syne ablende bealo-poncum I blinded their sight by baleful thoughts. Exon. 72 b; Th. 270, 22; Jul. 469. He ablende hyra eagan exccecavit oculos eorum, Jn. Bos. 12, 40. Ablended in burgum blinded as I am in these dwellings, Andr. Kmbl. 135 ; An. 78. W*s ablend was blinded, Mk. Bos. 6, 52 : Num. 14, 44. v. blendan. a-bleoton sacrificed; p. pi. o/a-blfitan. a-bleow blew ; p. of a-blawan.
a-blican ; p. -blac, pi. -blicon; pp. -blicen; v. n. To shine, shine forth, to appear, glitter, to be white, to astonish, amaze ; dealbari, micare : — Sfip- llce on rihtwlsnysse ic abllce ego autem in justitia apparebo [micabo], Ps. Spl. T. 16, 17. Ofer snaw ic beo ablicen super nivem dealbabor, Ps. Spl. 50, 8.
a-bliegan ; p. ede ; pp. ed To shine, to be white, to astonish ; con- sternare : — Ic eom abllcged consternor, JElfc. Gr. 37 ; Som. 39, 42. a-blignys, -nyss , e ; f. An offence, v. a-bylgnes. a-blindan to blind, Abus. 1, Lye. v. a-blendan.
a-blinnan ; p. -blann, pi. -blunnon ; pp. -blunnen To cease, desist ; cessare, desistere, Ps. Spl. 36, 8 : Bd. 4, 1 ; S. 563, 16.
a-blisian ; p. ode ; pp. od To blush ; erubescere : — Op eowre lypre mod ablisige donee erubescat incircumcisa mens eorum, Lev. 26, 41.
a-blotan ; p. -bleot, pi. -bleoton ; pp. -blfiten To sacrifice ; immolare. v. blfitan.
a-blysgung, -blysung, e ; f. The redness of confusion, shame ; pudor, R. Ben. 73.
a-boden told; pp. of a-beodan to bid, tell. a-bogen bowed; pp. o/a-bfigan, -beogan to bow, bend. a-bobt bought; pp. of a-bicgan to buy.
a-bolgen angered. Ex. 32, 10; pp. of a-belgan to offend, anger. a-boren carried; pp. 0/ a-beran to bear.
a-borgian ; p. ode ; pp. od To be surety, to undertake for, to assign, appoint; fidejubere : — Gif, he nite hwa hine aborgie, haefton hine if he know not who will be his borh, let them imprison [lit. have, detain ] him, L. Ath. i. 20; Th. i. 210, 8.
a-bracian ; p. ode ; pp. od To engrave, emboss ; caelare : — Abracod ccelatum, Cot. 33.
a-bradwian To overthrow, slay, kill; prosternare, occidere, Beo. Th. 5232 ; B. 2619. v. a-bredwian. a-brsec broke ; p. of a-brecan to break.
a-breed, -bragd drew, Mt. Bos. 26, 51; p. of a-bredan, a-bregdan to move, drag, draw.
a-brefitan ; p. -breot, pi. -brefiton To break, kill; frangere, concidere, necare : — Abreot brim-wlsan, bryd aheorde slew the sea-leader, set free his bride, Beo. Th. 5852 ; B. 2930. v. a-breotan.
a-brecan, ic -brece, dfi -bricst, he -bricp ; p. -brae, pi. -brficon ; pp. -brocen To break, vanquish, to take by storm, to assault, destroy; fran- gere, effringere, expugnare: — Abrecan ne meahton reced they might not break the house, Cd. 115 ; Th. 150, 14 ; Gen. 2491. He Babilone abrecan wolde he would destroy Babylon, Cd. 209 ; Th. 259, 10 ; Dan. 689. Hfi finig man mihte swylce burh abrecan how any tnan could take such a town, Ors. 2, 4 ; Bos. 44, 16. der. brecan. a-bredan, he -brit = -bridep, > -bret = -bredep ; p. -brad, pi. -brudon ; pp. -broden ; v. a. To move quickly, remove, draw, withdraw ; vibrare, destringere, eximere, retrahere: — Abrad hys swurd, exemit gladium suum, Mt. Bos. 26, 51. Gif God abrit iff God remove, Bt. 39, 3 ; Fox
4
A-BREDWIAN — A-CLENNEDNYS.
216, 5. Of mode abrit dset micle dysig he removes from his mind that great ignorance, Bt. Met. Fox 28, 155; Met. 28, 78. Hond up abraed he raised his hand, Beo. Th. 5144; B. 2575- Far Godes is abroden of breostum the knowledge of God is withdrawn from your breasts, Cd. 156 ; Th. 194, 31 ; Exod. 269. v. bredan.
a-bredwian ; p. ade ; pp. ad To overthrow, slay ? kill ? prosternare ? occidere? — Deah de he his brodor beam abredwade [abradwade Th.] although he had overthrow'll [ exiled ? killed ?] his brother’s child, B. 2619.
a-bregan ; p. de ; pp. ed To alarm, frighten ; terrere : — Mec maeg grima abregan a phantom may frighten me, Exon, nob ; Th. 423, 7 ; Ra. 41, 17. Abregde, p. Bd. 3, 16; S. 543, 12 : Ps. Spl. T. 79> 14- a-bregdan ; p. -brsegd, pi. -brugdon ; pp. -brogden To move quickly, vibrate, remove, draw from, withdraw ; vibrate, destringere, eximere, retra- here : — Be abregdan sceal dea]) sawle dine death shall draw from thee thy soul, Cd. 125; Th. 159, 22; Gen. 2638. Hwonne of heortan hunger odde wulf sawle and sorge abregde when from my heart hunger or wolf shall have torn both soul and sorrow, 104; Th. 137, 22; Gen. 2277. Hine of gromra clommum abrugdon they drew him from the clutches of the furious, 114; Th. 150.4; Gen. 2486. v. bregdan.
a-bremende ever-celebrating, Exon. 13 a; Th. 24, 20; Cri. 387. v. breman.
a-breotan ; p. -breat, pi. -bruton ; pp. -broten To bruise, break, destroy, kill; frangere, confringere, concidere, necare : — Billum abreotan to destroy with bills, Cd. 153; Th. 190, 1 4 ; Exod. 199. Yldo beam abreote]) age breaks the tree, Salm. Kmbl. 591 ; Sal. 295. Hine se6 brimwylf abroten hsefde the sea-wolf had destroyed him, Beo. Th. 3203 ; B. 1599. Stanum abreotan lapidare, Elen. Knibl. 1017 ; El. 510.
a-breodan ; p. -breaj), pi. -brudon ; pp. -broden To unsettle, ruin, frustrate, degenerate, deteriorate; perdere, degenerare : — HaeleJ) oft hyre hleor abreode]) a man often unsettles her cheek. Exon. 90 a; Th. 337> note 18; *Gn. Ex. 66. Abreode his angin he frustrated his enterprise, Byrht. Th. 138, 59; By. 242. Ht abrudon da de he topohte they frus- trated that which he had thought of, Chr. 1004; Ing. 178, 1. Eala du abrodene folc degener O populus, 7Elfc.Gr. 8; Som. 8, 10. Hie et heec et hoc nugas dset is abroden on Englisc, TElfc. Gr. 9, 25 ; Som. 11,2. abret, abrit takes away, Bt. 39, 3 ; Fox 2x6, 5. v. abredan. a-brocen broken, v. a-brecan.
a-broden, a-brogden opened, freed, taken away. v. abredan, abregdan. abrotanum = afipurovov southernwood. Herb. 135 ; Lchdm. i. 250, 16. v. suderne-wudu.
a-broten ? crafty, silly, sluggish ; vafer, fatuus, socors : — Abroten vel dwfis vafer, TElfc. Gl. 9; Som. 56, 114. Abroten? for abroden. a-broden degeneratus ; pp. of a-breodan.
a-brodennes, -ness, e ; f. Dulness, cowardice, a defect, backsliding ; ignavia, pusillanimitas. der. a-broden. a-brugdonu/il/rrfrargCd. 114; Th. 150, 4; Gen. 2486; o/a-bregdan. a-brudon frustrated, Chr. 1004 ; Ing. 178, 1 ; p. pi. of a-breodan. a-bryrdan ; p. -bryrde; pp. -bryrded, -bryrd, v. trans. To prick, sting, to prick in the heart, grieve ; pungere, compungere : — Na ic ne bed abryrd, God mtn non compungar, Deus mens, Ps. Spl. 29, 14. v. bryrdan. a-bryrdnes, -ness, e ; f. Compunction, contrition ; compunctio, con- tritio. v. bryrdnys, a-bryrdan.
a-brytan; p. -brytte; pp. -brytt To destroy; exterminate, Ps. Spl. C. 36, 9. v. brytan.
a-bufan ; adv. [a + be + ufan] above ; supra : — Swa was fir abufan sfidan as we have before above said, Chr. 1090 ; Th. 358, 15. der. bufan.
a-bugan ; p. -beag, -beah, pi. -bugon ; pp. -bogen To bow, bend, incline, withdraw, retire ; se vertere, declinare, inclinare, averti : — Abiiga]) eadmodltce inclinate suppliciter. Coll. Monast. Th. 36, 3. Ac de firina gehwylc feor abugejj but from thee each sin shall far retire, Exon. 8 b ; Th. 4, 22 ; Cri. 56. Dfir fram sylle abeag medu-benc monig there many a mead-bench inclined from its sill, Beo. Th. 1 555 ; B. 775. v. bugan. a-bulgan = abulgon angered, Ps. Th. 77, 41; p. o/a-belgan. a-bunden ready; expeditus. Cot. 72 ; pp. of a-btndan. v. btndan. a-butan, -buton ; prep. acc. [a + be + utan] about, around, round about ; circa : — Du taecst Israhela folce abutan done munt thou shall take the people of Israel around the mountain, Ex. 19, 12. Abuton hi circa eos, Mk. Bos. 9, 14. Abuton stan about a stone, L.N. P. L. 54; Th. ii. 298, 16.
a-butan, -buton ; adv. about ; circa : — Besaet done castel abutan beset the castle about, Chr. 1088; Th. i. 357, 29. Besfiton done castel abuton they beset the castle about, Chr. 1090; Th. i. 358, 25.
a-byegan, -biegan ; p. -bohte, pi. -bohton ; pp. -boht [a, byegan to buy, procure ]. I. to buy, pay for ; emere, redimere. L. Ethb. 31; Th. i.
10, 7. II. to perform, execute; prxstare : — Aj> abyegan jusjuran-
dum preestare, L. Wih. 19; Th. i. 40, 18. a-byffan; p. ode; pp. od To mutter; mutire, Cot. 134. v. byffan. a-bygan, v. trans. To bow, bend; incurvare, Grm. ii. 826. v. a-began. a-bygendlic ; adj. Bending, flexible ; flexibilis. der. un-abygendltc. a-bylgan, -byligan, -bylgean ; p. de; pp. ed To offend, anger, vex ; offendere, irritare, exacerbare :**-Hi hine oft abylgdon [MS. -dan] ip si scepe
' exacerbaverunt eum, Ps. Th. 105, 32. Da mod abylgean ura dara nyhstena animos proximorum offendere, Bd. 3, 19; S. 548, 17: Hy. 6, 22. v. a-belgan.
a-bylg-nes, ae-bylig-nes, ae-bylig-nys, -ness, e; f. [abylgan to offend ]
An offence, scandal, anger, wrath, indignation ; offensa, ira, indignatio : —
He him abylgnesse oft gefremede he had oft perpetrated offence against him, Exon. 84a; Th. 317, 25; M6d. 71.
a-bylgp, -bilg]), -bilh[), e; f. An offence, wrong, anger; offensa, injuria, ira: — He sceal Cristes abilgjie wrecan he ought to avenge offence to Christ, L. Eth. 9, 2; Th. i. 340, 13: L. Pen. 16; Th. ii. 284, 6. v. se-bylgj).
a-byligd, e; /. Anger; indignatio, Ps. Th. 77, 49. v. a-bylgj). a-byrgan, -byrgean, -byrian To taste; gustare: — We cy da]) eow dset God selmihtig cwae|> h is_ agenum mude, daet nan man he mot abyrgean nanes cynes blddes. iElc dsera de abyrg]> blodes ofer Godes bebod sceal forwurjan on ecenysse we tell you that God Almighty said by his own mouth, that no man may taste any kind of blood. Every one who tastes blood against God’s command shall perish for ever, Homl. intitul. Her is halwendlic lar, Bibl. Bodl. MSS. Junii 99, fol. 68. Se wulf for Gode ne dorste daes haefdes abyrian the wolf durst not, for God, taste the head, Homl. Brit. Mus. MSS. Cot. Julius, E. 7, fob 203, Bibl. Bodl. MSS. Bodley 343. v. byrgan. • I
a-bysgian, -bysgan, -bysean, -blsegian ; p. ode, ade ; pp. od, ad [a, bysgian to busy] To occupy, preoccupy, prepossess ; occupare : — Deah unpeawas oft abtsegien daet m6d though imperfections oft prepossess the mind, Bt. 35, 1 ; Fox 154, 32. BiJ) hyra seo swIJjre symble abysgod ; daet ht unrihtes tiligea]) dextera eorum dextera iniquitatis, Ps. Th. 143, 9. - BiJ) hyra seo swijire symble abysgad dextera iniquitatis, 143, 13.
a-bysgung, -btsgung, e; f. Necessary business, employment ; occupatio, Past. 18, 1; Hat. MS. 25 a, 27, 29, 30.
a-bywan ; p. de ; pp. ed ; v. trans. To adorn, purify, clarify ; exornare, purgare : — Bed]) monna gfistas beorhte abywde ]>urh bryne fyres the souls of men are brightly adorned [ clarified ] through the fire’s heat. Exon. 63 b; Th. 234, 24; Ph. 545. v. bywan.
AC, ach, ah, oc ; conj, I. but ; sed : — Ne com ic na towurpan, ac
gefyllan non veni solvere, sed adimplere, Mt. Bos. 5, 17. Brytwalas fultumes bfidon wid Peohtas, ac ht naefdon nfinne the Brito -Welsh begged assistance against the Piets, but they had none, Chr. 443’ Frl. II, 34. II. for, because ; nam, enim, quia : — Ne se aglfica yldan j
Jjrihte, ac he gefeng hrade slfipendne rinc nor did the wretch mean to delay, for he quickly seized a sleeping warrior, Beo. Th. 1484; B. 74°- ' Du ne Jjearft onsittan wtge, ac ne-fuglas [wig, eacne MS.] blodig sitta]) j ])icce gefylled thou needest not oppress with war, because carrion birds t sit bloody quite satiated (lit. thickly filled), Cd. 98; Th. 1 30, 12; Gen. j 2158. III. but also, but yet; sed etiam, sed et, sed tamen : — -Na t
Ires weoruld men, ac eac swylce daet Drihtnes eowde not only men of ; the world, but also [sed etiam Bd.] the Lord's flock, Bd. I, 14; S. 482, 25. Da cwican n5 genihtsumedon dset ht da deadan bebyrigdon, ac hwaedere da de lifigende wfiron noht don woldon the living were not sufficient to bury the dead, but yet those who were living would do nothing, Bd. 1, 14; S. 482, 32: 2, 7; S. 509, 13. Ac swylce tunge mtn filce drege smeaj) rightwtsnysse dine sed et lingua mea tota die meditabitur justitiam tuam, Ps. Spl. 70, 26. [K. Glouc. Orm. ac: Laym. ac, sec, ah:
Scot, ac : O. Sax. ak : O. H. Ger. oh : Goth, ak.] ac; adv. interrogative. Why, whether; nonne, numquid: — Da du geho- godest saecce secean, ac du gebettest mfirum Jieodne when thou re- solvedst to seek warfare, hadst thou compensated the great prince ? Beo. Kmbl. 3976; B. 1990. Ac [ah MS.] setfile]) de seld unrihtwtsnesse numquid adhoeret tibi sedes iniquitatis ? Ps. Surt. 93, 20. Ac hwa deme[) who shall judge? Salm. Kmbl. 669; Sal. 334. Ac forhwon fealle]) se snaw why falleth the snow? 603 ; Sal. 301. ac-, v. ag-, ag-Ifica, ah-, ah-lfica.
AC, fic ; g. e ; /. I. an oak ; quercus, robur : — Deos ac hcec
quercus, TElfc. Gr. 8 ; Som. 7,-46. Sume ac astah got up into an oak, Homl. Th. ii. 150, 31. acc. Ac an oaken ship. Runic pm. 25; Kmbl. 344, 21. Geongre ace of a young oak, L. M. 1, 38 ; Lchdm. ii. 98, 9. Of daere ac [for ace], Kmbl. Cod. Dipl. iii. 121, 22. II. ac;
g. aces; m. The Anglo-Saxon Rune |^ = a, the name of which letter, in Anglo-Saxon, is ac an oak, hence, this Rune not only stands for the letter a, but for ac an. oak, as jbj by]) on eorjian elda bearnum flfisces fodor the oak is on earth food of the flesh to the sons of men, Hick. Thes. vol. i. I p. 135 ; Runic pm. 25 ; Kmbl. 344, 15. Acas twegen two A’s, Exon. I 112a; Th. 429, 26; Ra. 43, 10. [7?. Glouc. ok: Chauc. 6k, ake, oak; : O. Frs. ek : Dut. eek, eik : North Frs. ik : L. Ger. eke : N. Ger. eiche : il M. Ger. eich : O. Ger. eih : Dan. eg : Swed. ek : O. Nrs. eik. Grn. starting | from Goth, ayuk in aiw-dup, i. e. aiw-k-dup els tov aiwva, supposes ajl form avuks, contracted to aiks, the equivalent of which would be ac,i which would, therefore, indicate a tree of long durability.] a-ceegan to name. v. a-ctgan. a-ceenned = a-cenned brought forth ; pp. of acennan. a-csennednys, -csennys nativity, v. a-cennednes.
A-CiEKRAN — AOSE.
a-cserran to avert; acaerred averted, v. a-cerran. a-calan ; p. -col, pi. -colon To become cold; algere, frigescere: — No ac61 for dy egesan he never became cold for the terror, Andr. Grm. 1267. v. calan.
ACAN ; ic ace, dfi secest, aecst, he aecej), xcp, pi. acaj) ; p. 6c, pi. Scon; subj. ic, du, he ace; pp. acen ; v. n. To ake, pain ; dolere; — Gif mannes midrif [MS. midrife] ace if a man’s midriff ake, Herb. 3, 6 ; Lchdm. i. 88, 11 : Herb. Cont. 3, 6; Lchdm. i. 6; 3, 6. Aca[ mine eagan my eyes ake, iElfc. Gr. 36, MS. D ; [mistia[ = aca{>, Som. 38, 48] ; dolent mei oculi, Mann. [Laym. p.o c : R. Glouc. p. ok ; Chauc. ake : N. L. Ger. aken, aeken.]
Acan-tun, es; m. [acan = acum, pi. d. of ac an oak, tun a town] Acton, Suffolk: — Daet hit cymj) to Acantfine ; fram Acantfine [MS. Acyn- tfine] daet hit cymj) to Rigindfine till it comes to Acton; from Acton till it comes to Rigdon, Th. Diplm. A. D. 972; 525, 22-24. v- Ac-tfiu, and daet adv.
aeas, e ; /: acase, axe, an ; f. An axe ; securis : — Acas, Mt. Lind. Stv. 3, 10. Acase, Lk. Rush. War. 3, 9 [id. Lind. Acasa, a Northumbrian form]. Axe, Mt. Rush. Stv. 3, 10. v. aex. ac-beam, es; m. An oak-tree; quercus, Ettm. p. 51. ac-caern, ac-corn an acorn, v. aecern.
accutian? to prove; probare : — Accuta me proba me, Ps. Spl. M. 138, 22.
ac-cyn, -cynn, es; n. [ac oak, cyn kind] A species of oak; ilex, Mann, ac-drenc, -drinc, es ; m. Oak-drink, a kind of drink made of acorns ; potus ex quercus glandibus factus. v. ac, drenc. ace ake, pain. der. acan to ake. v. ece.
a-cealdian ; p. ode ; v. intrans. To be or become cold ; algere, frigescere, Past. 58, 9. v. a-colian, calan. a-ceapian ; p. ode ; pp. od To buy. v. ceapian. a-cearfan to cut off: — Acearf abscindet, Ps. Spl. C. 7 6, 8. v. a-ceorfan. a-celan ; p. de ; v. intrans. To be or become cold; algere, frigescere : — Dies [earfan ne bi]> [urst aceled the thirst of this desire is not become cold, Bt. Met. Fox 7, 34 ; Met. 7, 17. v. celan, calan.
Acemannes burh, burg ; g. burge ; d. byrig, beri ; f: ceaster, cester; g. ceastre ; /. [aece ake, mannes man’s, ceaster or burh city or fortress] Bath, Somersetshire : — Her Eadgar to rice feng at Acemannes byrig, daet is at Badan here, A. D. 972, Edgar took the kingdom at Akemans burgh, that is at Bath, Chr.97 2 ; Th. 225, 18, col. 3. On dame ealdan byrig, Ace- mannes ceastre; ac heornas Badan nemna}> in the old burgh, Akemans Chester; but men call it Bath, Chr. 973; Ing. 158, 26. At Acemannes beri at Akemans bury, Ing. 158, note g. v. Badan. acen pained, v. acan. acen oaken, v. seen.
a-cennan, du -censt, he -cenj) ; p. -cende ; pp. -cenned ; v. a. To bring forth, produce, beget, renew ; parere, gignere, renovare, renasci : — Swa wlf acen)> beam as a woman brings forth a child, Bt. 31, 1; Fox 112, 2. On sarnysse du acenst cild in dolore paries filios, Gen. 3, 16. Da se Haelend acenned waes cum natus esset Jesus, Mt. Bos. 2, 1. Crist waes acenned [MS. acennyd] on midne winter Christ was born in mid-winter, Menol. Fox 1 ; Men. 1. Gregorius wees of aedelborenre mxgpe acenned Gregory was born of a noble family, Homl. Th. ii. 118, 7. Eal edniwe, eft acenned, synnum asundrad all renewed, born again, sundered from sins, Exon. 59 b; Th. 214, 19; Ph. 241. Donne se mona bi]) acenned [geniwod, v. geniwian] when the moon is changed [ born anew], Lchdm. iii. 180, 19, 22, 28. v. cennan. a-eenned-lte ; adj. Native; nativus, Cot. 138. a-cennednes, -cennes, -cennys, -caennednys, -caennys, -ness, e ;/. Nativity, birth, generation ; nativitas, ortus : — Manega on his acennednysse gefag- nia)> multi in nalivitate ejus gaudebunt, Lk. Bos. 1,14: Ps. Spl. 1 06, 37. a-ceocian? p. ode; pp. od To choke; suffocare. v. a-Jirysman. a-ceocung, e; f. A consideration; ruminatio, Wrt. Voc. 54, 62. v. a-ceosung.
a-ceorfan ; p. -cearf, pi. -curfon ; pp. -corfen To cut off; abscidere, succidere, concidere : — Of his ansyne ealle ic aceorfe, da de him feondas syndon concidam inimicos ejus a facie ipsius, Ps. Th. 88, 20.
a-ceosan ; p. -ceas, pi. -curon ; pp. -coren To choose, select ; eligere. der. ceosan.
a-ceosung [MS. aceocung], e ; f. A consideration ; ruminatio, Wrt. Voc. 54, 62.
acer a field, Rtl. 145, 18. v. seer.
^a-cerran ; p. -cerde ; pp. -cerred To turn, return ; vertere, reverti : — Uton acerran dider dsr he sylfa sit, sigora waldend let us turn thither where he himself sitteth, the triumphant ruler, Cd. 218; Th. 278, 6;
Sat. 217.
a-cerrednes, -ness, e ; f. An aversion, v. a-cerran. acb but ; sed : — Ach dies weorodes e&c but of the host also, Andr. Reed. 3182; An. 1594. v. ac; conj.
ac-hal; adj. Oak-whole or sound, entire; roboreus, integer, Andr. Grm.
1700.
a-cigan; p. de; pp. ed To call; vocare, evocare ; — Acigde of cor [re
’cyninges [egnas he called the thanes of the king from the band, Beo. Th. 6233 ; B. 3 1 2 1. Sundor acigde called him alone, in private, Elen. Kmbl. 1203 ; El. 603. Hine acigde fit evocavit eum, Bd. 2, 12 ; S. 513, 19. ac-leec-creeft, es ; m. [ac-laec = ag-laec miseria, craeft ors] A n evil art ; ars mala vel perniciosa : — Dfi de, Andreas, aclsccrsftum lange feredes thou, Andrew, hast long betaken thyself to evil arts, Andr. Kmbl. 2724 ; An. 1364.
a-elsensian ; p. ode; pp. od To cleanse, purify; mundare : — Hyra nan naes aclsnsod, bfiton Naaman se Sirisca nemo eorum mundatus est, nisi Naaman Syrus, Lk. Bos. 4, 27.
Ae-lefi. = Ac-leah ; g. -leage ; f. [ac an oak, leah a lea, ley, meadow ; acc. lea = leah, q. v.] The name of a place, as Oakley : — Sino[ waes ge- gaderod xt Acjea a synod was assembled at Acley or Oakley, Chr. 789 ; Ing. 79, 14. Aclea, Chr. 782; Erl. 57, 6: 851; Erl. 67, 26; 68, 3.
ac-lefif, es; n. An oak-leaf ; quercus folium : — Acleaf, Lchdm. iii. 31 1 : L. M. 3, 8; Lchdm. ii. 312, 19.
a-cleopian; p. ode; pp. od To call, call out; clamare, exclamare. der. cleopian, clypian.
aclia,n ; p. ode ; pp. od [acol, acl excited by fear] To frighten, excite ; terrere, terrore percellere. der. ge-aclian.
ac-melu, g. -meluwes; n. Acorn-meal; querna farina, L. M. 1, 54; Lchdm. ii. 126, 7.
ac-mistel, e ; f. Oak mistletoe ; quercus viscum : — Genlm acmistel take mistletoe of the oak, L. M. 1, 36; Lchdm. ii. 88, 4. a-enyssan; p. ede; pp. ed To expel, drive out; expellere. v. cnyssan. a-cofrian; p. ode; pp. od To recover; e morbo consurgere, con- valesces:— AcofraJ) will recover, Lchdm. iii. 184, 15. acol, acul, acl ; adj. Excited, excited by fear, frightened, terrified, trem- bling; agitatus,perterritus,pavidus: — Wear)) he on dam egesan acol worden he had through that horror become chilled, trembling, Cd. 178 ; Th. 223, 24; Dan. 124. Forht on mode, acul for dam egesan fearful in mood, trembling with dread, 210; Th. 261, 14; Dan. 726. Acol for dam egsan trembling with terror, Exon. 42 b ; Th. 143, 20 ; Gfi. 664. Forht and acol afraid and trembling, Cd. 92; Th. 117, 18; Gen. 1955. Wurdon hie da acle they then became terrified, Andr. Kmbl. 2678; An. 1341. Fyrd-leo)) galan aclum stefnum they sung a martial song with loud excited voices, Cd. 1 71 ; Th. 215, 4; Exod. 578.
a-colian; p. ade, ode; pp. ad, od To become cool, cold, chilled; fri- gescere:— Raest waes acolad his resting-place was chilled. Exon. 119 b; Th. 459, 28 ; Ho. 6. Donne bij) dart werge lie acolad then shall be the accursed carcase cooled. Exon. 100 a; Th. 374, 12; Seel. 125. v. c61ian.
acolitus = dxoXovdos A light-bearer ; lucifer: — Acolitus is se de leoht ber[ set Godes [enungum acolite is he who bears the light at God’s ser- vices, L..7Elf.P. 34 ; Th. ii. 378, 7 : L.jElf.C.14; Th.ii. 348,4. v.hadll. state, condition ; ordo, gradus, etc.
aeol-mod; adj. Of a fearful mind, timid; pa vidus animo : — Eorl acoimod a chief in trembling mood, fearful mind. Exon. 55 b; Th. 195, 36 ; Az. 1 66. pegnas wurdon acolmode the thanes were chilled with terror, Andr. Kmbl. 753; An. 377.
acordan ; p. ede ; pp. ed To accord, agree, reconcile ; reconciliare, Chr. 1 1 19; Ing. 339, 30.
a-coren chosen ; pp. of a-ceosan. v. ceosan, gecoren. a-corenlic ; adj. Likely to be chosen ; eligibilis : — Bi[ swlde acorenllc is very estimable. Past. 52, 8 ; Swt. 409, 36. a-corfen carved ; pp. of a-ceorfan. a-costnod tried; pp. of a-costnian. v. costnian.
a-craeftan ; ff. de ; pp. ed To devise, plan, contrive as a craftsman ; excogitare : — Uton deah hwaedere aerseftan hfi we heora, an dyssa nihta, magan mrest beswlcan let us however plan how we can, in this night, most weaken them, Ors. 2, 5 ; Bos. 47, 19. a-crammian; p. ode; pp. od To cram, fill; farcire. v. crammian. a-ereopian; p. ede; pp. ed To creep; serpere, scatere: — Da lsefdon hlg hit [Manhu] sume, o]> hit morgen waes, and hit wear]) wyrmum acreoped dimiserunt quidam ex eis usque mane, et scatere ccepit vermibus. Ex. 16, 20.
a-crimman ; p. -cramm, pi. -crummon ; pp. -crummen To crumble ; friare : — Acrummen in micas fractus. Cot. 88 : 179: 193.
ac-rind, e ; f. Oak-rind or bark; querna cortex: — Nlm acrinde take oak-bark, Lchdm. iii. 14, 1. acs an axe. v. aex, acas.
Acsa, Axa, an ; ml The river Axe. v. Acsan mynster.
Acsan mynster, Ascan mynster, Axan minster, es; n. [Acsa, an; ml the river Axe; mynster a monastery : Flor. Axanminsler : Hunt. Acseminster] axminster in Devonshire; liodi e Axminster, in agro Devoniensi ; ita dictum quod situm est ad ripam fluminis Axi : — Se Cynewulf ricsode xxxi wintra, and his lie HJ> aet Wintan ceastre, and daes aedelinges aet Ascan [Acsan, Gib. 59. 3 1 Ing- 71, 28] mynster Cynewidf reigned thirty-one years, and his body lies at Winchester, and the prince’s at Axminster, Chr. 755 ; Erl. 50, 32 ; Th. 86, 13, col. 1. acse ashes, Cot. 40. v. asce.
6
ACSIAN— A-DEMAN.
aesian, acsigan ; p. ode; pp. od To ask, ask for , demand; rogare, expostulare, exigere : — M6t ic aesian, Bd. 4, 3 ; S. 568, 26. Comon corprum miclum cuman aesian they came in great multitudes to demand the strangers, Cd. 112; Th. 148, 8; Gen. 2453: Lk. Bos. 20, 40. HIg hine acsodon daet bigspell they asked him the parable, Mk. Th. 4, 10. Hu maeg senig man acsigan how can any man inquire ? Bt. 35, 1; Fox 156, 6. v. ascian.
aesung, e ; f. An asking, a question, an inquiry, inquisition, interro- gation, that which is inquired about, information ; interrogatio : — Uneape ic maeg forstandan dine aesunga I can scarcely understand thy questions, Bt. 5» 3; F°x I2> 16. v. ascung.
ac-treo, -treow, es ; n. An oak-tree; quercus : — Under actreo under the oak-tree. Exon. 115a; Th. 443, 10; Kl. 28.
Ac-tun, es ; m. [ac oak, tun a town] acton, Staffordshire f — Mt Actune at Acton, Th. Diphn. A. D. 1002 ; 546, 27. v. aac.
a-cucian to revive [cue = ewie, Cd. 65 ; Th. 78, 23 = Ors. 2,1; Bos. 38, 8], v. a-cwician.
acul frightened, Cd. 210; Th. 261, 14; Dan. 726. v. acol. a-cuma oakum ; putamen : — Acuman putamina, Mone p. 398 ; B. 3 23 1 . v. acumba.*
a-cuman ; p. -cam, -com, pi. -canton, -comon ; pp. -cumen, -cymen To come, bear; venire, ferre, sustinere: — Waes of fere acumen he had come from the vessel, Cd. 75; Th. 93, 12; Gen. 1544. Daet land hlg ne mihte acuman non sustinebat eos terra, Gen. 36, 7. Ge hyt ne magon nu acuman non potestis portare modo, Jn. Bos. 16, 12.
a-cumba, an ; m: £-cumbe, an; n? [cemban to comb]. I. oakum,
that which is combed, the coarse part of hemp, — Hards, flax, tow; stuppa = OTvnirq, arvwq [v. heordas stuppa:, R. 68] : — Afyl da wunde, and mid acum- ban beswede fill the wound, and swathe up with tow, L.M. 1, 1 ; Lchdm.ii. 22, 21. iEcumbe stuppa, ZElfc. Gl. 64 ; Som. 69, 2 ; Wrt. Voc. 40, 36. II. the thing pruned or trimmed, properly of trees, and figuratively of other things, hence, — Primings, clippings, trimmings ; putamen, hinc, — puta- mina non solum arborum sunt, verum omnium rerum purgamenta. Nam quicquid ex quacumque re projicitur, putamen appellatur : — Acumba puta- men, Mone B. 3702. Acumban putamina, 3703, p.407. III. reduced to ashes, it was used as a substitute for atribiov — airoSos, Wood ashes ; spodium Graecorum nihil aliud esf, quam radix Alcanna: combusta, officinae ustum ebur ejus loco substituunt : — To sealfe, nun acumban, cneowholen for a salve, take the ashes of oakum, butcher’s broom, E. M. 1, 33; Lchdm. ii. 80, 11. Acumba ashes of oakum, 1, 47; Lchdm. ii. 120, 14.
a-cumend-lic ; adj. Tolerable, bearable; tolerabilis : — Acumendlicre hyp Sodoma lande and Gomorra on domes dreg, donne daere ceastre tolerabilius erit terra Sodomorum et Gomorrhceorum in die judicii quam illi civil ati, Mt. Bos. 10, 15.
a-cumendllcness, e; /. The possibility to bring anything to pass; possibilitas. v. cumende; part, of cuman.
a-cunnian ; p. ode ; pp. od To prove ; probare : — Du acunnodest [MS. acunnudyst] us God probasli nos Deus, Ps. Spl. C. 65, 9. v. cunnian. a-curon chose ; p. pi. of a-cedsan. a-ewsedon said, Ps. Th. 72, 6; p. o/a-ewedan. a-cweelon died, Chr. 918 ; Erl. 104, 13; p. pi. o/a-cwelan. a-ewasp spoke, Cd. 30; Th. 40, 14; Gen. 639; p. of a-ewedan. a-cwalde killed, Ps.V os. 104, 27:1 34, 1 1 , = a-ewealde ; p. of a-cwellan. a-ewan melted, decayed, Bd. 2,7; S. 509, 29 ; p. of a-ewtnan. a-cwanc quenched, Chr. mo; Ing. 331, 30; p. o/a-cwincan. a-ewealde killed, Cd. 69 ; Th. 84, 25 ; Gen. 1403 ; p. of a-cwellan. a-cweccan ; p. -ewehte ; pp. -cweht To move quickly, to shake, vibrate; movere, quatere, vibrare: — Msc acwehte he shook the ash, i. e. the lance, Byrht. Th. 140, 59; By. 310.
a-cwelan, he -ewilp, pi. -ewelap ; p. -cwael, pi. -cwrelon ; pp. -cwolen, -cwelen, v. n. To die, perish; mori : — Da fixas aewelap pisces morientur, Ex. 7, 18. Ofercumen bip he set he acwele he will be overcome ere he dies, Exon. 90 b; Th. 340, 10; Gn. Ex. 114. Monige men hungre acwselon many men died of hunger, Chr. 918 ; Erl. 104, 13.
a-cwellan ; p. -ewealde ; pp. -eweald To kill, destroy ; interficere, ne- care : — Frea wolde on daere to-weardan tide acwellan the Lord would destroy them in the coming time, Cd. 64; Th. 77, 31; Gen. 1283. Ic wille mid flode folc acwellan I will destroy the folk with a flood, 64 ; Th. 78, 21; Gen. 1296. Acwellep da wyrmas killeth the worms, Herb. 137 ; Lchdm. i. 254, 22. Da de egor-here eorpan tuddor eall aewealde when the water-host destroyed all the progeny of earth, Cd. 69 ; Th. 84, 25 ; Gen. 1403. WIges heard wyrm aewealde the. bold one in battle slew the worm, the dragon, Beo. Th. 1777; B. 886. Ste6p-cilda feala stundum aewealdon pupillos occiderunt, Ps. Th. 93, 6. a-cweUedness, e ; f. A quelling, killing ; occisio. der. cwellan. a-cwencan ; p. de, te, pi. don, ton ; pp. ed, d, t To quench, extinguish, put out ; extinguere: — Bad daet hi dret leoht acwencton prayed that they would put out the light, Bd. 4, 8 ; S. 575, 40, note, MS. B. Ure ledhtfatu synt acwencte lampades nostra extinguuntur, Mt. Bos. 25, 8. Fyr ne by |> acwenced ignis non extinguitur, Mk. Bos. 9, 44.
a-eweorran ; p. -ewear, pi. -cwurron ; pp. -cworren To eat or drink immoderately, to glut, guzzle ; ingurgitare : — Swa swa mihti acworren fram wine tanquam potens crapulatus a vino, Ps. Spl. T. 77, 71.
ac-wern, es; n. The name of an animal, a squirrel; scirra, sciurus, ZElfc. Gl. 19 ; Som. 59, 9. a-ewerren, -cworren drunk ; pp. of a-eweorran.
a-ewedan, he -cwyp ; p. -cwaep, pi. -cwredon ; pp. -eweden To say, tell, answer; dicere, eloqui, respondere : — Daet word acwyf) that word says, Beo. Th. 4099 ; B. 2046. Word acwaep, wuldres aldor he spake the word, the chief of glory, Cd. 30; Th. 40, 14; Gen. 639. Daet me aeweden syndon qua dicta sunt rnihi, Ps. Th. 121, 1. v. ewedan.
a-cwician ; p. ode ; pp. od To quicken, revive, to come to life ; vivificare, reviviscere : — On dlnre mild-heortnesse me scealt acwician in misericordia tua vivifica me, Ps. Th. 118, 159. Da acwicode ic hwon then I revived a little, Bd. 5, 6 ; S. 619, 29.
a-cwil pperishes: — 'Nez-cwilpperishesnot, Bt.13; Fox 38, 29. v. a-cwelan. a-cwman ; p. -ewan, pi. -ewinon ; pp. -ewinen Zb waste or dwindle away, decline, become extinct ; tabescere : — Daet fyr aewan and adwaesced waes the fire declined and was extinguished, Bd. 2, 7; S. 509, 29.
a-ewinean ; p. -cwanc, pi. -cwuncon ; pp. -cwuncen To vanish, become extinguished, quenched; extingui, evanescere : — Se mona acwanc the moon was extinguished, i. e. eclipsed, Chr. Ilio; Ing. 331, 30. a-ewinen quenched, v. a-cwlnan.
a-cwolen died, Chr. 918 ; Gib. 105, 37, note a. v. a-cwelan.
a-cworren drunk, Ps. Spl. T. 77, 71; pp. of a-eweorran.
a-cwucian to quicken, v. a-cwician.
a-ewylan to die, L. H. E. 6 ; Th. i. 30, 3. v. a-cwelan.
aexan ashes, Ors. 1, 3 ; Bos. 27, 32. v. axe, asce.
a-cyd said, confirmed, R. Ben. 27. v. a-cydan.
a-cyrran; p. -cyrde; pp. -cyrred, -cyrd To avert; avertere : — Ne du n£fre gedest, daet du mec acyrre from Cristes lofe thofl shalt never do so, that thou avert me from the love of Christ, Exon. 67 b; Th. 251, 2 ; Jul. 139. Acyrred from Cristes £ turned from Christ’s law, 71 b; Th. 267, 6; Jul. 411.
a-cyrrednes, -cerrednes, -ness, e ; /. A turning, aversion, a turning from, apostacy, revolting ; aversio. der. a-cyrred. v. a-cyrran.
a-eydan; p. -cydde; pp. -cyded, -cyd To show, announce, confirm; manifestare, annuntiare, confirmare : — Yrre acydan iram manifestare, irasci, Ps. Th. 88, 39. Mr he hine acydan mote ere he can show himself. Exon. 89 b ; Th. 336, 15 ; Gn. Ex. 49. Torn acydan to make known or show one’s affliction. Exon. 78 a; Th. 293, 8; Wand. 113. D£r me waes yrre din on acyded in me confirmata est ira tua, Ps. Th. 87, 7- AD, aad, es ; m. A funeral pile, pile, heap ; rogus, congeries : — Da on- bsernde he done ad then kindled he the pile, Bd. 3, 16; S. 542, 25. Ad st6d onseled the pile was [ stood] kindled, Cd. 14I; Th. 176, 35; Gen. 2922. Het ad onaelan he commanded to kindle the funeral pile, Exon. 74 a; Th. 277, 13; Jul. 580. Mycelne aad [ad MS. B. T.] gesomnode on beamum advexit plurimam congeriem trabium, Bd. 3, 16; S. 542, 22. [Kath. ad : O.Ger. eh ignis, rogus. v.Lat. aes-tus: Grk.atOos: Sansk. edh-as wood for fuel, from the Sansk. root indh to light, kindle.] der. ad-faer, -fyr, -leg, -loma.
a-dselan ; p. ede ; pp. ed To part, divide, separate ; partiri, dividere, separare : — He sceal wesan of eorpan feor ad£led he shall be far parted from the earth, Cd. 106; Th. 140, 4; Gen. 2322. Da w£ron ad£lede ealle of anum these wer e parted all from one, 12 ; Th. 14, 13 ; Gen. 218 ; Ps. Th. 54, 20. v. d£lan.
a-de&dan, -deadian ; p. ode ; pp. od To fail, decay, die, mortify, lay waste, destroy; fatiscere, Herb. 35, Lye: Cot. 90. a-dedf ; adj. Deaf; surdus, Ben. v. deaf.
a-deafian ; p. ode, ede ; pp. od, ed To become or wax deaf; surdescere, obsurdescere : — Adeafede obsurduit, Hilfc. Gl. 100; Som. 77, 13; Wrt. Voc. 55, 17.
a-de&fung earena A deafening of the ears ; surditas. v. a-deaf. adel a disease. Exon. 48 b ; Th. 167, 23 ; Gu. 1064. v. adl. adela, an ; m. Filth ; coenum : — Daet her yfle adelan stincep that here ill smells of filth, Exon, nob; Th. 424, 1; Ra. 41, 32. [addle-pool a pool near a dunghill : Scot, adill, addle foul and putrid water : N. Ger. adel, m. coenum : Holst, addeln lotium pecudum.] der. adeliht, adel-seap.
a-delfan; p. -dealf, -dylf, pi. -dulfon; pp. -dolfen To dig, delve; fodere, effodere : — Cleopatra het adelfan hyre byrigenne Cleopatra ordered her burying place to be dug, Ors. 5, 13; Bos. 113, 22. Seap adealf lacum effodit, Ps. Spl. 7, 16 : Bd. 3, 2 ; S. 524, 16. Op tfset bip se&p adolfen donee fodiatur fovea, Ps. Th. 93, 12 : Bd. 3, 9 ; S. 533, 23. adeliht ; adj. Dirty, filthy ; coenosus, Cot. 48. adel-se&p, es; m. A sewer, gutter, sink; cloaca, v. adul-seap. adelyng a prince, Joh. Brompt. ad ann. 907. v. redeling, a-deman ; p. de; pp. ed To judge, adjudge, doom, deem, try, abjudi- cate, deprive ; examinare, abjudicare, judicio facto relegare : — LIcode Gode hire da halgan saule eac swylce mid longre hire llchoman untrym- nesse ademde and asodene beon it pleased God that her holy soid should also be tried and seethed with long sickness of her body, Bd. 4, 33;
A-DEORCIAN— A-DWELIAN.
7
S. 595, 15. Du ademest me fram dugude thou deprivest me of good, Cd. 49; Th. 63, 14; Gen. 1032. v. deman.
a-deorcian ; p. ode, ade ; pp. od, ad To obscure, dim, darken, hide ; obscurare: — Adeorcad obscuratus, Som. v. deorcian.
adesa, eadesa, an; m. An addice or adze, a cooper's instrument ; ascia, Bd. 4, 3 ; S. 567, 26 : Wrt. Voc. p. 84, 62.
ad-feer, nom. acc: g. -feres ; pi. nom. -faru ; n. The pile-way, the way to the funeral pile ; iter rogi ; — Daet we hine gebringen on adfere that we may bring him on the way to the pile, Beo. Th. 6012; B. 3010.
ad-fyr, es ; n. A pile-fire; ignis rogi Abraham adfyr onbran Abraham kindled a pile-fire, Cd. 162 ; Th. 203, 4; Exod. 398.
a-dihtan; p. -dihte, -dihtode; pp. -dihtod, -diht To compose, edit, write ; facere, componere. v. dihtan.
a-dilegian, -dilgian, -dylegian ; p. ode ; pp. od ; v. a. [a, dilgian to destroy ] To abolish, blot out, destroy, do away ; abolere, delere ; — His sawul bi)> adilegod of his folce delebitur anima ilia de populo suo, Gen. 17, 14. Ic adilgige hi delebo eos, Ps. Lamb. 17, 43. Adilga me of dlnre bee dele me de libro tuo, Ex. 32, 32 ; Ps. Th. 68, 29 : 108, 13, 14. Adilgode, Ps. Th. 17, 40.
a-dimmian; p. ode; pp. od, ad To dim, darken, obscure, make dull; obscurare : — Dedh heora mod sie adimmad though their mind be obscured, Bt. 24, 4; Fox 84, 28: Ps. Th. 68, 24.
ADL, adel ; g. adle, f: adle, an ;fi A disease, pain, a languishing sick- ness, consumption; morbus, languor ; — Waes sefi adl [earl, hat and heoro- grim the disease was sharp, hot and very fierce, Exon. 47 a; Th. 160, 30 ; Gfi. 95 1 . Se6 mycle adl the great disease, leprosy ; elephantiasis, Som. Ne hine drefe]) adl disease does not afflict him, Beo. Th. 3476 ; B. 1 736. De to heortan hearde gripe]) adl unllde fell disease gripes thee hard at heart, Cd. 43 ; Th. 57, 32 ; Gen. 937. De untrymnes adle gon- gum bysgade infirmity has afflicted thee through attacks of disease. Exon. 47 b; Th. 163, 8; Gu. 990. He dine Sdle ealle gehselde sanavit omnes languores tuos, Ps. Th. 102, 3. Daet adla hi gehseldon ut languores curarent, Lk. Bos. 9, 1. Hu manega adla how many diseases? Bt. 31,1; Fox no, 29: Bd. 3, 12 ; S. 537, 6. Laman legeres adl the palsy, v. leger. \Orm. adl disease. Probably akin to the Sansk. root indh to burn.] der. feorh-adl, fot-, horn-, in-, lungen-, mona])-: adl-ian, -Ic, -ig, -Jiracu, -werig.
adle, an ; f. A disease ; morbus : — Ne yldo ne adle neither age nor disease, Exon. 112a; Th. 430, 7 ; Ra. 44, 4. v. adl.
ad-leg, es ; m. The flame of the funeral pile ; flamma rogi : — Adleg tele]) flsesc and ban the flame of the pile burns flesh and bones, Exon. 59 a; Th. 213,9; ph. 222.
adlian, -igan ; p. ode ; pp. od To ail, to be sick, to languish ; segrotare, languere ; — Daet se ylca biscop an adliende maeden gebiddende gehselde ut idem episcopus puellam languentem orando sanaverit, Bd. 5, 3; S. 615, 35. Ic adlige langueo, TElfc'. Gr. 26, 2 ; Som. 28, 46.
adlic, adlig ; adj. [adl disease, lie like ] Sick, ill, diseased, corrupted, putrid ; morbidus, aegrotus, tabidus, vitiatus, putidus. Hence addle egg; putidum ovum; — Adlige men languentes homines, Bd. 3, 2 ; S. 524, 32. Adlig (Eger vel aegrotus, Wrt. Voc. 45, 59.
ad-loma, -lama ? an ; m. One crippled by the flame ? cui flamma claudicationem attulit? — Earme adloman poor wretches, i.e. diaboli, Exon. 46 a; Th. 156, 33; Gu. 884.
adl-pracu ; g. -Jiraece ; f. The force or virulence of disease ; morbi im- petus:— Se6 adlfiracu the force of disease, Exon. 46 b; Th. 159, 31; Gu. 935; v- ]>IXC-
adl- werig; adj. Weary with sickness; morbo fatigatus: — Fonde his mon-dryhten adlwerigne he found his master weary with sickness, Exon. 47 b ; Th. 162, 25 ; Gu. 981. a-dolfen dug, Ps. Th. 93, 12 ; pp. of a-delfan.
a-don ; p. -dyde ; impert. -do ; v. a. To take away, remove, banish ; tollere, ejicere ; — Ne magon de nfi heonan adon hyrste da readan the red ornaments may not now take thee hence, Exon. 99 a; Th. 370, 14; Seel. 57. Daet hy God danon ado to heora agnum lande that God will bring them thence to their own land, Ors. 3, 5; Bos. 56, 37. Ado da buteran remove the butter, L. M. I, 36; Lchdm. ii. 86, 22. Ado of da buteran take off the butter, 86, 19. Flod adyde mancinn a flood destroyed mankind, 351fc. T. 5, 25 ; Gen. 7, 23 : 9, 11. Ado das wylne ejice ancillam hanc, Gen. 2r, 10 : Bt. 16, 1 ; Fox 50, 10 : Ps. Th. 68, 14.
a-drsedan; p. -dred; pp. -drseden To fear; timere: — He adred daet folc timuit populum, Mt. Bos. 14, 5.
a-driefan, -drefan ; p. de ; pp. ed To drive away ; expellere ; — Da wear]) adfefed deormod haele]) then was driven away the beloved hero, Chr. 975 ; Th.i. 228, 22 ; Edg. 44. He adrsefed waes ejectus est, Gen. v 24. Osrsed waes of rice adrefed Osred was banished from his kingdom, Cnr. 790 ; Th. 99, 20, col. 2.
a-dre&g, -dreah bore, Exon. 25 b ; Th. 74,6; Cri. 1202; p. o/a-dreogan. a-dred feared, Mt. Bos. 14, 5 ; p. of a-dr£dan.
a-drefed driven, Chr. 790; Th.99, 20, col. 2, = a-dr*fed; pp.o/i-drsefan. adreminte, an ; /. The herb feverfew ; parthenium = impdtviov. Prior 78. a-drencan ; p. -drencte ; pp. -drenced ; v. a. To plunge under, to im-
’ merse , drown; immergere; — Wolde hine adiencan on daere ea would drown him in the river, Bt. 16, 2 ; Fox 52, 36. Caines ofspring eall wear]) adrenced on dam deopan flod, de adyde mancinn Cain’s offspring were all drowned in the deep flood, which destroyed mankind, -ffilfc. T. 5, 24. Heora feondas flod adrencte, Ps. Th. 105, 10: Ex. 14, 28. a-dre6gan, -dri6gan ; ic -dredge, dfi -dreogest, -dryhst, he -dredge]), -dryh]) ; p. -dreag, -dreah, pi. -drugon ; pp. -drogen. I. to act, perform,
practise ; agere, perficere : — He adredg unrihte ])ing gessit iniqua. Hymn. Bibl. Cott. Jul. A. 6. De his lufan adredgej) who practises his love, Exon. 33 b; Th. 107, 24; Gu. 63. LIf adreogan agere vitam, Hexam. 3 ; Norm. 4, 29. II. to bear, suffer, endure; pati, sustinere : — HI adreogan magan they may bear, Bt. 40, 3 ; Fox 238, 27. Ic ne mseg adreogan dine sedfunga I cannot tolerate thy lamentations, Bt. II, I; Fox 30, 20. Daet hie de eaj) mihton drohtaj) adreogan that they might the easier endure their way of life, Andr. Kmbl. 737 ; An. 369. Earfedu de he adredg the pains that he endured, Exon. 25 b; Th. 74, 6; Cri. 1202. Earfedo de he adreah the pains that he endured, Andr. Kmbl. 2971; An. 1488. v. dreogan.
a-dreogendlic ; adj. Bearable ; tolerabilis ; part, of a-dreogan, -He. a-dreopan; ic -dredpe, du -drypst, he -drypj); p. -dreap, pi. -drupon ; pp. -dropen To shed drop by drop: guttatim efiundere: — Nu is min swat adropen now is my blood sprinkled. An. 1427, note. v. a-])rawan.
a-dreosan ; ic -dreose, du -dryst, he -dreose]), -dryst ; p. -dreas, pi. -druron; pp. -droren To fall, decline; Iabi, deficere : — Ne bi]; se hllsa adroren fame will not decline, non erit fama taedio affecta, Exon. 95 a ; Th. 355, 19; Reim. 79.
a-drifan, ae-drifan ; ic -drlfe, du -drlfest, -drlfst, he -drlfe]), -drifj), -drift, pi. -drlfa]) ; p. -draf,> pi. -drifon ; pp. -drifen To drive, stake, expel, pursue, follow tip ; agere, pellere, expellere, repellere, sequi, pro- sequi : — Da Walas adrifon sumre ea ford ealne mid scearpum pllum greatum innan dam wsetere the Welsh staked all the ford of a certain river with great sharp piles within the water, Chr. Introd ; Th. 5, 35. Rihtwlsnyssa his ic ne adraf fram me justitias ejus non repuli a me, Ps. Spl. 1 7, 24. Adrife daet spor fit of his scire let him pursue the track out of his shire, L. Ath. v. § 8, 4; Th. i. 236, 23. Adrifene fatu graven or embossed vessels, TElfc. Gl. 67 ; Som. 69, 99. v. drlfan.
a-drigan, -drygan, -drvgean, -drugian, -druwian ; p. de, ode ; pp. ed, od To dry, dry up, rub dry, wither ; abstergere, siccare, exsiccare : — Hlfide streamas on .35 thane ealle dfi adrigdest tu exsiccasti fluvios Ethan, Ps. Th. 73, 15.
a-drincan ; p. -dranc, pi. -druncon ; pp. -druncen To be immersed, extinguished, quenched by water, to be drowned; immergi, exstingui, aquis suffocari ; — LIgfyr adranc the fire-flame was quenched, Cd. 146 ; Th. 182, 18; Exod. 77. Mycele ma moncynnes adranc on dam wsetere many more of mankind were drowned in the water, Bd. 3, 24 ; S. 556, 36.
a-driogan, -driohan to bear, Bt. 40, 3; Fox 238, 22; MS. Cott. The Bodl. MS. has a-dri6han. v. a-dreogan. a-drogen done, finished; transactus, peractus ; pp. of a-dreogan. a-dronc, -droncen, /or a-dranc, -druncen; p. and pp. of a-drincan. a-drugian; p. ode; pp. od To dry; siccari; — Da sona adrugode se stream alveus siccatus est, Bd. 1,7; S. 478, 13. v. a-drigan. a-druncen drowned ; pp. of a-drincan.
a-druwian ; p. ode ; pp. od To dry up ; siccari : — Daet da waetera wieron adruwode ofer eor])an quod aquae cessassent super terram, Gen. 8, 11. Eor])an bradnis waes adruwod exsiccata erat superficies term, 8, 13. v. a-drigan.
a-drygan, -dryggean to dry, Past. 13, 1 ; Hat. MS. 16 b, 6. v. adrigan. adul-sea]) a sewer, sink; cloaca, Wrt. Voc. 36, 42. v. adelsea]). a-dumbian; p. ode, ede; pp. od, ed ; v. n. To hold one’s peace, to keep silence, to become mute or dumb ; obmutescere ; — Adumba and ga of disum men obmutesce et exi de homine, Mk. Bos. r, 25. AdumbiaJ) da facnfullan weoloras muta effleiantur labia dolosa, Ps. Th. 30, 20. Ic adumbede obmutui, Ps. Spl. 38, 3. Ic adumbode, Ps. Lamb. 38, 10.
a-dun, -dfine ; adv. Down, adown, downward; deorsum : — Adfin of dam wealle down from the wall, Bd. 1, 12 ; S. 481, 21. Da odre da dura braecon adfine the others broke the doors down, Chr. 1083 ; Th. 352, 19. Adfine asetton (they) put down, deposed, Bd. 4, 6 ; S. 573, 35. He adfine astah descendit, Ps. Spl. 71,6: 87, 4.
a-dun-weard ; adv. Downward ; deorsum : — Scotedon adfinweard mid arewan they shot their arrows downward, Chr. 1083 ; Th. i. 352, 14.
a-dwsescan ; p. ede, te ; pp. ed, t ; v. a. [a, dwsescan to quench ] To quench, put out, staunch, appease; extinguere: — Smeocende flex he ne adwaesc}) linum fumigans non extinguet, Mt. Bos. 12, 20. Daet fyr adwsesced wses flammee extinctae sunt, Bd. 2, 7 ; S. 509, 29. Adwaescton extinguerent , 4, 8 ; S. 575, 41. Adwaesctum dlnum feondum exlinctis tuis hostibus, 2, 12 ; S. 514, 7. Efne swa he mid wsetre done weallendan leg adwaesce even as he with water the raging flame quenches, Exon. 122a; Th. 467, 23 ; Aim. 6. Eall min unriht adwsesc omnes iniquitates meas dele, Ps. Ben. 50, 10.
a-dwelian ; p. -dwelede, -dwealde ; pp. -dweled, -dweald [a, dwelian to err] To seduce, lead into error; seducere : — Woldon adwelian
8 A-DWINAN— /ECER.
mancyn fram heora Drihtene the y would seduce mankind from their Lord , 4 L. .ffilf. P. 29 ; Th. ii. 374, 31.
a-dwinan ; ic -dwlne, -dwinest, -dwinst, he -dwine{),-dwin}), pi. -dwi- naj> ; p. -dwan, pi. -dwinon ; pp. -dwinen To dwindle or vanish away ; vanescere. v. dwlnan.
a-dydan, -dyddan ; p. -dydde ; pp. -dyded, -dyd ; v. a. [a, dydan to die] To put to death , to destroy, kill, mortify ; perdere, occidere : — Wolde htg adyddan would destroy them, iElfc. T. 22, 19. Dxt ic nateshwon nelle heonon f orji eall flxsc adydan mid flodes wxterum that I will not, by any mjans, henceforth destroy all flesh with the waters of a flood, Gen. 9, II. Ale }>ing de lif hxfde wear}) adyd everything which had life was destroyed, Gen. 7, 23.
a-dydest, hast banished; expulisti, Ps. Lamb. 59, 12 ; p. of a-don. a-dylegian ; pres, ic -dylegige ; p. ode ; pp. od To destroy ; delere : — Ic adylegige deleo ; ic adylegode [adeligode Som.] delevi ; adylegod deletum, of dam is geeweden letum [ = lethum death ; Grk. \rj9q oblivio] dea]>, de adylegaj) Iff I destroy ; I destroyed; destroyed, deletum , from which is derived [called] letum death, which destroyeth life, JE\fc. Gr. 26 ; Som. 28, 32> 33- v- a-dilegian, dilgian. a-dylf effodit, Ps. Th. 7, 15, = a-dealf; p. of a-delfan, q.v.
JE. The short or unaccented Anglo-Saxon m has a sound like ai in main and fairy, as appears from these cognate words: — Wxl wail, brsedan to braid, naegel a nail, dig, spxr, lit, snxce, mist, xsp, bxr, etc. 2. The short or unaccented se stands only (1) before a single
consonant; as Staef, hwael, dig: (2) a single consonant followed by e in nouns ; Stxfes, stife, hwxles, daeges, witer, fider, icer : (3) or before st, sc,fn,ft ; Gist, isc, hrxfn, crxft : (4) before pp, bb, tt, cc, ss ; .ffippel, crxbba, hxbben, fitte, fittes, wncca, nisse : (5) before double con- sonants, arising from the inflection of monosyllabic adjectives : — Litne, litre, lxtra, from lit late; hwitne, hwitre, hwxtra from hwit quick. 3. In the declension of monosyllabic nouns and adjectives,
e is rejected from the short or unaccented se, and becomes a, when a single consonant, or st, sc, is followed by a, 0, u in nouns, and by a, o, u, e in adjectives ; as Stif, pi. stafas, g. stafa, d. stafum ; hwxl, pi. hwalas ; dig, pi. dagas. adj. Lit late ; g. m. n. lates ; d. latum ; se lata the late; latost, latemest, latest : Smil small ; g. m. n. smales ; d. smalum ; se smala the small, etc. See short a in B. 3, p. 1, col. 1. 4. ae-, prefixed to words,
like a-, often denotes A negative, deteriorating or opposite signification, as From, away, out, without, etc. Like a, ge, etc. ae is sometimes prefixed to perfect tenses and perfect participles and other words without any per- ceptible alteration in the sense ; as Celed, x-celed cooled. 5. The
Anglo-Saxon Rune for se is P, which is also put for isc an ash-tree, the name of the letter, v. isc.
B. The long or accented ae has the sound of ea in meat, sea. The ae is found in the following words, which are represented by English terms of the same signification, having ea sounded as in deal, fear ; D£l, fir, drid, lxdan, br£do, h£to, hwite, hx]>, hiden, cline, line, si, £r, h£lan, liran, t£can, tsesan, t£sel, w£pen, etc. 2. The ae is known to be
long, and therefore accented, when in monosyllables, assuming another syllable in declining, ae is found before a single consonant or st, sc, and followed in nouns by a, o, u, and in adjectives by a, o, u, or e; as Blida fruits ; bl£dum : Dwis dull ; g. m. dwises. The ae is often changed into a ; as Stinen stony, stan a stone ; l£r, lar lore.
-A ; indecl. f. Law, statute, custom, rite, marriage ; lex, statutum, cere- monix, ritus, matrimonium : — God him sette £ dxt ys open lagu God gave them a statute that is a plain law, JE\(c. T. 10, 20. A Drihtnes the law of the Lord, Ps. Spl. 18, 8 : Mt. Bos. 26, 28. God is wisdom and £ woruld- buendra God is the wisdom and law of the inhabitants of the world, Bt. Met. Fox 29, 165; Met. 29, 83. Cristes £ the Gospel. Butan £ odde utlaga an outlaw, JEllc. Gr. 47; Som. 48, 44. Seo iftere £ Deutero- nomy, Bd. 1, 27. Huslfatu halegu da £r Israela in £ hifdon the holy vessels which the Israelites formerly used in their rites, Cd. 212; Th. 262, 29; Dan. 751. WircaJ) his bebodu and his £ and his dfimas observa prcecepta ejus et ceremonias atque judicia, Deut. II, I. Styrde unryhtre £ he reproved the unlawful marriage. Exon. 70 a; Th. 260, 14; Jul. 297. [O. Sax. eo, m: O.Frs. a, e, ewe, ewa,/: Ger. ehe, /.
matrimonium : M.H.Ger. ewe, e, /: O.H.Ger. ewa, eha, ea,/: Sansk. eva, m. course, manner.]
& ; indecl. f. Life ; vita : — Dxt hi ne meahtan acwellan cnyhta £ that they might not destroy the young men s live s. Exon. 55 a ; Th. 195, 32; Az. 164.
&; indecl. f. A river, stream ; rivus, torrens: — On dire £ du hy drencst thou shall give them to drink of the stream ; torrente potabis eos, Ps. Th. 35, 8. __ v. ea.
se alas ! IE, Hy. 1, i, = e&. Lamb, MS. fol. 183 b, line 11. v. £Ia, xala, eala.
sedla ; inter] . O I alas l O, eheu : — iEala du Scippend O ! thou Creator, Bt. Met. Fox 4, 1; Met. 4, I. v. eala, £la.
a-eargian ; p. ode, ade ; pp. od [a, eargian torpescere] To become sloth- ful ; segnis fieri : — Hy ondredan, gif hi hwilum ne wunnon, dxt hy to rade a-eargadon they dreaded, if they did not sometimes wage war, that they should too soon become slothful, Ors. 4, 13; Bos. 100, 20.
se-bser notorious, L. Eth. vi. 36; Th. i. 324, II. v. £-ber.
JEbban dun, Abban dun, e ; f. [ASbba, an ; m : or TEbbe, an ; f : dun a down or hill ; AEbba’s or IE bbe’s down or hill] Abingdon ; Abindonii oppidum in agro Berceriensi : — His lie II]) on dam mynstre it Abban dune his body lies in the monastery at Abingdon, Chr. 981; Th. 234, 34, col. 1.
a-ebbian ; p. a-ebbode ; pp. a-ebbad, ge-ebbod ; v. intrans. To ebb away, recede ; recedere : — Dxt witer wis a-ebbad [a-ebbod MS. C. T ; ge- ebbod Cant.] feala furlanga from dam scipum the water had ebbed many furlongs from the ships, Chr. 897 ; Ing. 123, 19. v. ebbian.
sebbung, e; /. An ebbing; recessus aquarum: — S£-xbbung a bay; sinus, Wrt.Voc. 41, 63. v. ebba.
ae-bebod, es ; n. Law, injunction of the law, command; lex, legis manda- tum: — Dii me£bebod £rest settest tu legem posuisti mihi, Vs.Th. 118, 102. se-bec law books, books of the law; juris cpdices, Cot. 126. te-ber, £-bxr ; adj. Clear and evident by proof, manifest, apparent, notorious ; apricus, manifestos : — Se £bera ]>eof the notorious thief, L. Edg. ii. 7; Th. i. 268, 22. Abire manslagan notorious homicides, L. Eth. vi. 36; Th. i. 324, 11.
sebesen, ibesn pasturage; pasnagium, L. In. 49; Th. i. 132, 18, note 46. v. ifesen.
se-bilgan, i-bilian to make angry ; exasperare, Ps. Spl. 67, 7. v. a-belgan. se-bilignes, -ness, e; /. Indignation, anger; indignatio, Apol. Th. v. i-bylignes.
se-blsecnys, -nes, -ness, e ; f. A paleness ; pallor : — Wid xbl£cnysse dxs lichaman for paleness of the body, Herb. 164, 2 ; Lchdrn. ii. 294, 3. se-blec; adj. Pale, wan, whitish, bleak ; pallidus. v. bl£c, blac. se-bleeing, x-blecnys paleness, v. x-bl£cnys, blacung. se-bod, es ; 1 n. A business ; negotium : — Abodas pragmatica negotia, JElfc. Gl. 12 ; Som. 57, 94.
se-boda, an ; m. A messenger of the law ; legis nuntius : — Da wis frofre g£st onsended e&dgum £bodan then the spirit of comfort was sent to the blessed messenger of the law, i. e. the preacher of the gospel, Exon. 46 b; Th. 158, 15; Gu. 909.
se-brec [ea water, brie] A catarrh, rheum ; rheuma. v. brecan. sebs ,e.;f1 Afir-tree; abies, Allfc. Gr. 5; Som. 4, 45: 9, 26; Som.11,18. se-bylg, es ; n. Anger; ira, indignatio, Exon. 50 b; Th. 176, 17; Gu. 12 1 1. v. x-bylg{>.
se-bylgan, -byligan To make angry ; exasperare, Ps. Spl. 65,6. v. a-belgan . ffi-bylg}>, -bylj), -bylyg}), e ; /: es ; nl [bylgb, v. belgan] An offence, a fault, scandal, wrong, anger, wrath, indignation ; offensa, injuria, ira, indignatio: — To ibylgfie for offence, Ors. 4, 1; Bos. 76, 27, He sende on hi graman xbylygjje hys misit in eos iram indignationis suae, Ps. Spl. 77, 54. Cristenum cyningce gebyraj) swyde rihte dxt he Godes ibyljie wrece Christiana regi jure pertinet ut injurias Deo factas vindicet, L. C. S. 40; Th. i. 400, 10. v. a-bylgj), a-byligd.
ae-bylignes, -ness ; -nys, -nyss, e ; f. Indignation, wrath ; indig- natio : — fEbylignes yrres dines indignatio irce tuce, Ps. Th. 68, 25. He sende on hi graman ibylignysse hys misit in eos iram indignationis sua:, Ps. Spl. 77, 54. v. a-bylgnes.
sec also, Th. Dipl. A. D. 804-829 ; 460, 9 : 461, 18, 33. v. eac. sec, e; /. An oak; quercus: — Of dire £ce [MS. £c] andlang heges to dim wege from the oak and along the hedge to the road, Kmbl. Cod. Dipl. iii. p. 78, 7- v- 2C- mean to eke, Solil. 11. v. ecan.
secced, es; n. Vinegar; acetum, Jn. Lind. War. 19, 30. v. eced. sece, ace, es; m. An ake, pain; dolor: — Eal dxt sar and se ice onwig alided wis all the sore and ake were (led) taken away, Bd. 5, 3 ; S. 616, 35 : 5, 4; S. 617, 22. der. acan to ake. v. ece.
sece ; adj. Eternal ; iternus : — Dxt we ge-earnian £ce dreamas that we may obtain eternal delights, Ps. C. 156. v. ece.
aeced, es ; n. Vinegar : — Onfeng de H£lend dxt iced the Saviour re- ceived the vinegar, Jn. Rush. War. 19, 30. v. eced. seced-fset, es ; n. An acid-vat, a vinegar-vessel ; acetabulum, Wrt. Voc. 25, 21. v. eced-fit.
seced-win, es ; n. acid-wine ; murratum vinum, Mk. Lind. War. 15, 23. se-celed cooled; pp. of x-celan = a-celan. der. celan. secelma, an ; m.A chilblain; mula, L. M. I, 30 ; Lchdrn. ii. 70, 16. secen = acen ; adj. Oaken, made of oak; quernus, Cot. 165.
£cen, eacen ; pp. of c acan to increase, v. eacan.
J3CEE, icyr, es ; m. X. a field, land, what is sown, sown land ;
ager, seges : — For dam is se icer gehaten Acheldemah propter hoc vocatus est ager ille Haceldama, Mt. Bos. 27, 8. Her ys seo b6t, hu du meaht dine jeeras betan here is the remedy, how thou mayest improve thy fields, Lchdrn. i. 398, 1. Of dim icer efrom the field, Bt. Met. Fox 12, 3; Met. 12, 2. .fficera Jusend a thousand fields, 14, 10; Met. 14, 3. II. a definite quantity of land which, in A. Sax. times, a yoke
of oxen could plough in a day, an acre, that is 4840 square yards ; jugeri spatium, jugerum, a jugo quod tantum fere spatii uno jugo bourn arari posset: also ager = Ger. acker an acre : — Alice dig ic sceal erian fulne icer odde marc omni die debeo arare integrum jugerum [MS. agrum]
/ECER-CEORL — iEFEN -STEORR A. 9
aut plus, Coll. Monast. Th. igl? 21. Dxt is se tedda aecer, eal swa seo' sulh hit gega that is the tenth acre, all as the plough goes over it, L. C. E. 8 ; Th. i. 366, 6. TEceras jugera, Cot. 109. [O. Sax. akkar : O. Frs.
ekker : O. Ger. ahhar : N. Ger. acker a field, an acre : Goth, akrs : O. Nrs. akr : Lat. ager : Grk. c typos : Sansk. ajra a plain.'] eecer-eeorl, es; m. A field-churl, a farmer, ploughman; agricola. der. seccr a field, ceorl a free husbandman.
secer-man, xcer-mon ; g. xcer-mannes ; m. A field-man, farmer; agricola, iElfc. Gl. 5. *
secern, xcirn, es; n. [sec = ac oak, corn corn ] The corn or fruit of an oak, an acorn, a nut ; glans : — /Ecern glans, fElfc. Gl. 46 ; Som. 65, 7. TEcirnu , pi. nom. Gen. 43, 11. [ Spenser , Grafton, acornes , pi : N.Dut. aker in aker-boom : N. L. Ger. ecker, m. n : N. Ger. ecker, pi. eckern, m. n. glans quernea or fagea : Goth, akran, n. fructus : Dan. agern, n: Norw. aakorn : O. Nrs. akarn, n. glans silvestris .] sscer-spranca, xcer-spranga, an ; m. [aecer, spranca, an \m.a shoot, sprout ] Young shoots springing up from acorns, saplings, the holm oak, scarlet oak ; ilex ; — fEcer-spranca ilex, fElfc. Gr. 9, 61 ; Som. 13, 48. seeest = aecst akest, 2nd pers. sing. pres, of acan. secep =xcf> aketh, yd pers. sing. pres, o/acan. sechir an ear of corn, Mt. Rush. Stv. 12, I. v. ear. se-ciorfan to cut to pieces, Ps. Spl. 128, 4. v. a-ceorfan. secirnu nuts, Gen. 43, 11. v. secern.
sec-lseca, an; m. [aec=ag, q. v.] A wretch, miscreant, monster; miser, perditus, monstrum, Elen. Grm. 901; El. 902. v. ag-lxca.
se-crseft, es ; in. Law-craft and its result ; legis peritia et vires inde oriundae : — fEcrxft eorla law-craft of men, Elen. Kmbl. 869 ; El. 435 : Cd. 173; Th. 217, 7; Dan. 19.
se-crseftig; adj. Law-crafty, one skilled in law, a lawyer, scribe; legis peritus : — Him xcrxftig andswarode to them the skilled in law answered, Cd. 212; Th. 262, 10; Dan. 742. seese an axe, Bd. 4, 3 ; S. 567, 26. v. aex. aecst akest, 2nd pers. sing. pres, of acan. sec}> aketh, yd pers. sing. pres, of acan. secumbe oafeiB ; stuppa, Wrt. Voc. 40, 36. v. acumba. secyr a field: — Blodes aecyr sanguinis ager, Mt. Foxe 27, 8. v. aecer. secyrf, e ; /. That which is cut off, a fragment, piece ; recisura, fragmen- tum : — Dara tredwa xcyrf and lafe forbaernde wxron the offcuttings and leavings of the wood were burnt, Bd. 3, 22 ; S. 552, 13. v. cyrf, ceorfan.
asd-, prefixed to words, denotes Anew, again, as the Latin re- : — TEd- sceaft re-generation, v. ed-. seddran kidneys; renes, Ps. Spl. C. 7, 10. v. xdre. seder-seax, xdre-seax, es; n. A vein-knife, a lancet; lancetta, Cot. 92. sed-fsest [ead substance, faest fast, fixed] Goods, property; bona: — iEdfaest taeht to healdenne property taken to hold, a pledge, TElfc. Gl. 14; Som. 58, 8.
aed-le&n a reward, Th. Diplm. A. D. 804-829; 459, 11. v. ed-lean. sedr vein, artery, Ps. Th. 72, 17. v. xdre, edre.
sedre ; adv. Quickly, promptly, at once, forthwith ; illico, confestim, statim, protinus : — Him da aedre God andswarede God answered him forthwith, Cd. 42 ; Th. 54, 4 ; Gen. 872. Wille de da andsware aedre gecydan I will quickly let you know the answer, Beo. Th. 714; B. 354. Nu du aedre const slj)-fxt mlnne now thou comprehcndest at once my journey, Exon. 52 b ; Th. 184, 29 : Gu. 1351. [O. H. Ger. atar : O. Sax. adro: O. Frs. edre velociter.] v. edre.
sedre, aeddre, edre, an;/; aedr, e ; f. I. a channel for liquids, An artery, a vein, fountain, river ; arteria, vena, fons, rivus ; v. wxter-xdre : — Feorh aleton ])urh aedra wylm they let life forth through the fountain of their veins, Exon. 72 b; Th. 271, 6; Jul. 478. BledaJ) xdran the veins shall bleed, Salm. Kmbl. 290; Sal. 144. Swat sedrum sprong blood sprang from the veins, Beo. Th. 5925 ; B. 2966. II. a nerve, sinew, kidney; nervus,
ren : — Waeron mine xdra ealle tolysde renes mei resoluti sunt, Ps. Th. 72, 17. Du canst mine aedre ealle tu possedisti omnes renes meos, 138, 11. Da for dam cyle him gescuncan ealle aedra then all his sinews shrank because of the cold, Ors. 3, 9 ; Bos. 64, 39. [Plat, ader : O. Frs. eddere, eddre : O. Dut. adere : Ger. ader : M. H. Ger. ader : O. H. Ger. adara : Dan. aare : Swed. ader: Norw. aader: O.Nrs. aed ,/.] der. waeter-aidre. aedre-seax a vein-knife, lancet, v. xder-seax.
aedre -weg, es ; m. A drain way, a vein, an artery ; arteria, vena, v. aedre, weg a way.
se-drifan to expel, Ps. Spl. T. 42, 2 : 43, 26. v. a-drffan. eed-sceaft, e ; /. A regeneration, new creation ; regeneratio :— -HI selce geare weorJjaJ) to aedsceafte they become every year a new creation, Bt. 34, 10; Fox 156, 16. v. edsceaft.
JEdwines clif, Edwin’s cliff, Chr. 761; Ing. 73, 15. eed-wist substance; substantia, essentia, v. set-wist, sed-wit, es ; n. A reproach ; opprobrium : — TEd-wIt manna opprobrium hominum, Ps. Spl. C. T. 21, 5. v. ed-wlt.
®d-witan To reproach; exprobare : — TEd-wioton him improperabant ei, Mt. Lind. Stv. 27, 44. v. ed-wltan.
aef, af, of; prep. Of, from; ab, de. v. compound xf-last and; in of-.
eef-cest, es; n. Envy; invidia : — Butan xfxste sine invidia, Bd. 5, 22; S. 644, 13. v. sef-est.
ee-faest, -fest ; adj. [x law, faest fast, fixed] Firm in observing the law, religious, pious ; tenax observandi legem, religiosus, pius^Justus: — TEfxst haele]) a pious man, Cd. 59; Th. 72, 6; Gen. 1182. iE faest e men pious men, 86 ; Th. 108, 7 ; Gen. 1802. We xfaestra dxde deman we consider the deeds of the pious, Exon. 40 a; Th. 133, 30; Gu. 497. Wses he xfxst and arfxst was he devout and good? Bd. 3, 14; S. 539, 33. v. xw-fxst.
ce-faesten, es ; n. A legal fast; Iegitimum jejunium : — III xfxstenu fseste he tribus legitimis jejuniis jejunet, L. Ecg. C. 4 ; Th. ii. 138, 1.
se-fsestnes, -festnes, -nys, -ness, e ; f. Firmness in the law, religion ; religio : — He wxs mycelre xfxstnesse wer he was a man of much religion, Bd. 4, 31; S. 610, 7: 2, 9 ; S. 510, 30, 32.
eef-dsel; g. -dxles; pi. nom. -dalu; n. [xf, dxl a vale] A descent; descensus: — To xfdxle ad descensum, Lk. Lind. War. 19, 37. v. of-dxl.
aefdon performed, executed. Exon. 27 b; Th. 83, 16; Cri. 1357,= xfndon, p. pi. o/xfnan.
se-felle, a-felle; adj. [x, fell a skiti] Barked, peeled, skinned; decorti- catum, TElfc. Gk 115; Som. 80, 34; Wrt. Voc. 61, 14. aefen even ; xqualis, xquus. v. efen.
jfeFEN,xfyn,efen,es; m. The even, evening, eventide; vesper, vespera : — Syddan xfen cwom after evening came, Beo. Th. 2475 ; B. 1235. fEfen xrest vesperum primum, Cd. 8; Th. 9, 7; Gen. 138. TEfena gehwam in each of evenings, 148 ; Th. 184, 16 ; Exod. 108. TEt xfenne, on xfenne, or to xfenne, at even, in (he evening, Ps. Spl. 29, 6. [ Laym . aefen : Orm. efen : Gow. Chauc. even : N. Dut. avond : M. Dut. avont, m : PlaU abend, m: O.Sax. aband, m: O.Frs. a vend, in : Ger. abend, m: M.H.Ger. abent, m: O.H.Ger. apand, abant, abunt, in: Dan. aften, in: Swed. afton, m: I cel. aptan, aftan, m: confr. Grk. ope.] eefen-dredm, es ; in. Even-song ; vespertinus cantus. v. xfen. asfen-fela as many ; totidem, Deut. 9,11. v. efen-feola. tefen-gebed, es ; n. An evening prayer, evening service : — TEfen-gebcd vespertinum ojficium, TElfc. Gl. 34 ; Som. 62, 50.
sefen-gereord, e ; /. An evening meal, a supper; coena, fElfc. Gl. 58 ; Som. 67, 87; Wrt. Voc. 38, 13.
mfen-gereordian ; p. ode; pp. od To sup or take supper; coenare. v. gereordian to take food.
sefen-gifl, -giefl, es; n. Evening food, supper; coena: — HI secaj) dxt hie fyrmest hlynigen xt xfengieflum [-giflum MS. C.] quccrunt primos in ccenis recubitus. Past. I, 2; MS. Hat. 6 b, 20: 44, 3; MS. Hat. 61 b, 22.
ffifen-glom, es; m. The evening gloom or twilight; crepusculum : — From xfenglome 6J) dxt eastan cwom dxgredwoma from evening twilight there came the rush of dawn from the east. Exon. 51b; Th. 179, 21 ; Gu. 1263.
eefen-grom; adj. Fierce in the evening; vespere ferox: — Grendel cwom eatol, xfengrom Grendel came terrible, fierce at eve, Beo. Th. 4154; B. 2074.
eefen-hlytta, an; m. A fellow, consort, companion or mate; consors, -ffilfc. Gr. 9, 44; Som. 13, 6.
ffifen-hrepsung, e ; /. The evening close ; vesper, v. hrepsung closing. sefen-lac, es; n. An evening sacrifice; vespertinum sacrificium: — Swylce ahafenes handa mlnra, donne ic xfenlac secge elevatio manuum mearum sacrificium vespertinum, Ps. Th. 140, 3. asfen-lsecan to match ; imitari. v. efen-lxcan.
ecfen-leecan ; p. -Ixhte; pp. -lxht To grow towards evening; adves- perascere : — Hit xfenlxcj; advesperascit, Lk. Bos. 24, 29. sefen-laeeend an imitator, v. efen-lxcend.
cefen-ledht, es; n. Evening light; vespertina lux: — Siddan xfen-leoht under heofenes hador beholen weorjie]) after the evening light is concealed under heavens serenity, Beo. Th. 831 ; B. 413. sefen-leoj), es ; n. An evening song ; vespertinus cantus : — Atol xfenleo]) a dreadful evening song, Cd. 153; Th. 190, 18; Exod. 201.
Eefen-lic ; adj. Vespertine, of the evening; vespertinus, Ps. Spl. 140, 2. sefen-mete, es; in. Evening meat, supper; coena, Cot. 42. sefen-rest, e; f. Evening rest; vespertina requies : — Sum sare ongeald xfenreste one paid dearly for his evening rest, Beo. Th. 2508 ; B. 1252.
eefen-rima, an ; m. [xfen vesper, rima margo, labrum] Twilight ; cre- pusculum. v. rima a rim, margin.
sefen-sang, es ; m. even-song, vespers ; vespertinus cantus, L. JEM. C. 19; Th. ii. 350, 7.
sefen-sceop, -sc6p, es ; m.An evening bard; vespertinus cantor : — Eald xfensceop ic bringe I bring an old evening bard. Exon. 103 a ; Th. 390, 21; Rii. g, 5.
sefen-scima, an ; m. Evening splendour ; vespertinus splendor, Cd. 1 1 2 ; Th. 147, 31; Gen. 2448.
sefen-sprsec, e ; f. Evening speech ; vespertina loquela : — Gemunde xfensprxce he remembered his evening speech, Beo. Th. 1322 ; B. 759.
ecfen-steorra, an ; in. The evening star ; Hesperus ; the Grk. "Eairtfios [Lat. vesper], the evening star, is called by Hesiod a son of Astrxus
10
iEFEN-pENUNG — iEFTEll.
and Eos, and was regarded by the ancients the same as the morning' star, whence both Homer and Hesiod call him the bringer of light, taio-tpvpos, II. xxii. 318 : xxiii. 226. The Romans designated him by the names Lucifer and Hesperus, to characterise him as the morning or evening star : — Se steorra <te we hata[ sefensteorra, donne he bi[ west gesewen, (tonne tacnnaj) he aefen. Fair}) he donne setter daere sunnan on dscre eor])an sceade, 6[ he ofirn]) da sunnan hindan, and cym]> wid foran da sunnan up, donne haten we hine morgensteorra (q. v.) fordam he cym]) eastan up, boda}) daere sunnan cyme the star which we call the evening star, when it is seen westwardly, then it betokens the evening. It then goes after the sun into the ear this shade, till it runs off behind the sun, and comes up before the sun, then we call it the morning star, because it comes up in the east, and announces the sun's approach, Bt. 39, 13; Fox 232, 34. Se mona, mid his blacan leohte, dunniaj) done beorhtan steorran, de we hata[ morgensteorra : done ilcan we hata[ 6dre naman, sefensteorra the moon, with his pale light, obscures the bright star , which we call the morn- ing star : the same we call by another name, the evening star, 4 ; Fox 8, 3.
ffifen-penung, e ; f. An evening service or duty, evening repast, supper ; coena, R. Concord 8. v. [egnung.
sefen-peowdom, es; m. An evening service or office; vespertinum officium, iElfc. Gl. 34; Som. 62, 50.
mfen-tid, e ; f. The eventide, evening ; vespertina hora : — Seo sefen-tid daes dseges the eventide of the day, Dial, x, 10. On sefen-tld at eventide, Cd. hi; Th. 146, 19; Gen. 2424.
sefen-tlma, an ; m. Evening time, eventide ; vespertinum tempus : — Da aefentima wses, he ferde to Bethamam cum jam vespera esset hora, exiit in Bethaniam, Mk. Bos. xi, 11.
sefen-tungel, es; m. n. The evening star; hesperus. v. tungel. JEFEK. ; adv. ever, always; unquam, semper; — fEfer ge fliton ongen God semper contentiose egistis contra Deum, Deut. 31, 27. v. fifre.
sefesen, aefesn, sebesen, aebesn, e; /. Pasturage, the charge for pigs going into the wood to fatten on acorns ; pasnagium, pretium propter porcos in quercetum admissos : — Gif mon nime xfesne on swlnum if [« man ] any one take pasturage on swine, L. In. 49; Th. i. 132, 18.
sef-est, aef-aest, aefst, es; n. [aef, of = ab, est gratia] Without favour or good-will, hence, Envy, spile, enmity, zeal, rivalry, emulation ; livor, invidia, odium, zelus, aemulatio : — iEfst and oferhygd envy and pride, Cd. 1 ; Th. 3, 1 ; Gen. 29. Eald-fe6ndes cefest the old fiend’s envy, Exon. 61 b; Th. 226, 5; Ph. 401. JEfestes livoris, Mone B. 2699, p. 386. Heora aefstu ealle sceamien they all shall be ashamed of their enmities, Ps. Th. 69, 4. Fore aefstum from envy, Exon. 43 a; Th. 144, 27; Gu. 684. fEfaistum onaeled inflamed with envy, Exon. 84 a ; Th. 316, 3 ; M5d. 43. [O. Sax. ab-unst,/. invidia : O. Frs. ev-est invidia : Ger. ab-gunst,/. invidia : O. H. Ger. ap-anst, ap-unst, m. invidia, livor, zelus, rancor .] se-fest ; adj. [se law, faest fast, fixed] Fast or firm in the law, religious, devout; religiosus : — Wses se mon swyde sefest eratvir multum religiosus, Bd. 4, 24; S. 598, 20. Ongunnon sefeste leo[ wyrcean religiosa poemata facere tentabant, id ; S. 596, 38. v. fi-fsest, sew-fsest.
sef-est-ful; adj. Full of envy ; invidia plenus, invidiosus: — He is swtde sefestful for dlnum gode he is very full of envy at thy prosperity, Th. Apol. 14, 24. v. aef-Sst.
aaf-estian, -estigan; p. ode; pp. od To envy, be envious of or at; invidere Des iunga man ne aefestigaj) on nanum [ingum, de he her gesihj) this young man is envious at nothing, which he here seeth, Th. Apol. 14, 25 : Cot. 119. v. sef-est.
sef-estig, sefstig ; adj. Envious, emulous, jealous ; invidus, semulus : — Sum eald and sum sefestig ealdorman an old and an envious nobleman, Th. Apol. 14, 19. v. sef-est. je-festliee ; adv. Religiously ; religiose, v. faestlice. sef-estn.es, -ness ; -nys, -nyss, e ; /. Envy, spite; invidia, malignitas. der. sef-est.
se-festnes, -ness, e ; /. Religion, devotion ; religio : — Da de to aifest- nesse belumpon quce ad religionem pertinebant, Bd. 4, 24; S. 597, 1. v. ai-fsestnes.
JESric ; def. m. TEffrica ; adj. African ; Afer : — Severus Casere se wses JEffrica cynnes Severus Ccesar genere Afer, Bd. 1,5; S. 476, 5. v. Affric. sef-tst envy ; invidia, Mt. Lind. Stv. 27, 18. v. sef-est. sef-last, es; in. [sef=af from, last a course ] A wandering away? aber- ratio, Cd. 166; Th. 207, 27; Exod. 473.
aefnan; p. de; pp. ed To perform, execute, labour, show; patrare, facere, laborare, prsestare : — His domas aefna}) they fulfil his judgments , Exon. 32 b; Th. 102, 29; Cri. 1680. Gif hy woldun his bebodu aefnan if they would execute his judgments, 54 a ; Th. 152, 29 ; Gu. 816. Wile eorlscipe aefnan he wishes to show his dignity, 87 a; Th. 327, 3; Wid. 141. /Efdon unsofte for aefndon ? 27b; Th. 83, 16; Cri. 1357. der. ge-sefnan. v. efnan.
sefne ; interj. Behold ; ecce ; — TEfne s6J>Uce so[fsestnysse du lufudest ecce enim veritatem dilexisti, Ps. Spl. 50, j. v. efne ; interj. asfnian; p. ode; pp. od To grow towards evening; vesperascere, Dial. 1, 10. ffifnung, e ; / Evening ; vespera : — Heo com da on aifniinge eft to Noe ilia venit ad emit [iVoe] ad vesperam, Gen. 8, 1 1 : Homl. Th. ii. 266, 5, 6.
sefre, aefer ; adv. Ever, always; unquam, semper; — Nolde sefre nolebat unquam, Cd. 72; Th. 89, 14; Gen. 1480. Ne sceal xfre geheran nor shall I ever hear, 216; Th. 275, 14; Sat. 1 71. Nu ic eom orwena daet unc seo edyl-stsef sefre weor[e gifede setgsedere now I am hopeless that the staff of our family will ever be given to us two together, 101; Th. 134, 12 ; Gen. 2223. Du sefre wsere tu semper fuisti, Exon. 9b; Th. 8, 2 ; Cri. ill. Afte for[ sempiternum, Cd. 220; Th. 282, 35; Sat. 297. fEfre to aldre in ceternum, 38 ; Th. 51,1; Gen. 820. sefre = a, q. v.
se-fremmende ; part. Fulfilling the law, religious ; legis praecepta conficiens, religiosus: — Ic lseran wille sefremmende daet ge eower hus gefaestnige I will teach that you, the laws fulfilling, should make firm your house, Exon. 75 a; Th. 281, 18; Jul. 648.
sefst envy, Past. 13, 2; Hat. MS. 17 a, 12: Cd. 1; Th. 3, I; Gen. 29. v. aef-est.
sefstian ; p. ode ; pp. od To hasten ; feslinare, accelerare. v. efstan. sefstig ; adj. Envious, emulous ; semulus : — fEfstig wid odra manna yflu cumulus contra aliena vitia, Past. 13,2; MS. Hat. 1 7 a, 1 ] . v. aef-estig.
aeft; adv. aft, behind, as go aft = go astern, Afterwards, again; postea, iterum : — Moises cwae[ aeft to Israela folce Moses said afterwards to the people of Israel, Deut. 28, 15. TEft uferan dogum afterwards in later days, Beo. Th. 4406 note ; B. 2200. Dset hi aeft to him comen that they would come to him again, Bt. Met. Fox 1, 130; Met. 1, 65. v. eft.
seftan ; adv. Behind ; post, pone : — Earn aeftan hwlt the eagle white behind, Chr. 937; Th. i. 206, 29; vEdelst. 63, col. I. der. be-aeftan.
aeftan-weard ; adj. Coming after, following ; posterior: — Rinc bi|) on ofeste, se mec on[y[ aeftanweardne the man is in haste, who urges me following, Exon. 125 a ; Th. 480, 3 ; Ra. 63, 5. v. weard II ; adj. seft-beteht re-assigned, R. Ben. 4. v. eft-betaeht. seftemest, -myst, -most; adj. superlative of sefter, — After-most, last; postremus, novissimus : — Deos boc is aeftemyst on dsere bibliojiecan this is the last book of the Bible, JElfc. T. 31, 22; Grn. fElfc. T. 16, 3. Donne he sylf mid dam fyrmestan dale wid dses aeftemestan fluge when he himself with the first part should flee towards the hindermost, Ors. 4, 6 ; Bos. 83, 20 : Mk. Bos. 12, 22 : Jn. Bos. 7, 37.
seften-tid, e ; f. [aeftan after ] Evening, eventide ; vespertinum tempus, vesper : — fEr morgenes gancg wid aeftentid ealle da deman Drihten healdej) exitus matutini et vespere delectaberis, Ps. Th. 64, 9.
sefter; prep, [aeft, q.v; er, q. v.] dat; rarely acc. I. local
and temporal dat. — after ; post : — Ne far du aefter fremdum godum go not thou after strange gods, Deut. 6, 14. iEfter [rim mon[um after three months, Gen. 38, 24. fEfter dagum after those days, Lk. Bos. 1, 24. Cuma[ aefter me venite post me, Mt Bos. 4, 19. Hifter [rym dagum [MS. dagon] ic arise post tres dies resurgam, Mt. Bos. 27, 63. Da eode daet wlf sefter him then the wife went after him, Bt. 35, 6; Fox 170, 13. Ham stadeledon, an aefter odrum they established a home, one after another, Cd. 213; Th. 266, 22 ; Sat. 26. jEfter dam wordum werod eall aras after those words all the host rose, Cd. 158; Th. 196, 29; Exod. 299: Exon. 28 b; Th. 86, 24; Cri. 1413. Wunder aefter wundre wonder after wonder, Beo. Th. 1866; B. 931: Cd. 8; Th. 9, 19; Gen. 144: Cd. 46; Th. 59, 15; Gen. 964: Cd. 143; Th. 178, 1; Exod. 5: Cd. 148 ; Th. 184, 18 ; Exod. 109 : Cd. 227 ; Th. 304, 14; Sat. 630: Exon. 16 a; Th. 36, 8; Cri. 573: Exon. 18 a; Th. 44, 31; Cri. 71 1: Exon. 117 a; Th. 449, 32; Dom. 80: Exon. 117a; Th. 450, 3; Dom. 82: Exon. 124a; Th. 476, 20; Ruin. 10: Beo. Th.170; B. 85: Beo. Th. 238; B. 119: Apstls. Kmbl. 163; Ap.82: Andr.Kmbl. 175; An. 88: Andr. Kmbl.265; An.133: Exon-39b; Th.130,22; Gu. 442 : Exon. 40b; Th. 134, 5; Gu. 503: Elen. Kmbl. 859; El. 430: Elen. Kmbl. 977; El. 490: Exon. 1 18 a; Th. 454, 10; Hy. 4, 30. 2. extension over space or
time, — Along, through, during; Kara, per: — Saeton aefter beorgum they sat along the hills, Cd. 154; Th. 191,9; Exod. 212. His wundra geweorc, wide and side, breme aefter burgum his works of wonder, far and wide, famed through towns, Exon. 45 b; Th. I55>4; Gu. 855. Deah ic fela for him aefter woruldstundum wundra gefremede though I performed many miracles for them during my time in this world,. Elen. Kmbl. 725 ; El. 363; Exon. 55b; Th. 196, 18; Az. 176: Judth. 10; Thw. 21, 17; Jud. 18 : Saint Kmbl. 233 ; Sal. 1 16 : Exon. 108 a ; Th. 412, 25 ; Ra. 31, 5. 3. mode or manner, — According to, by means of; secundum, prop-
ter : — TEfter dome dtnum geliffxsta me secundum judicium tuum vivifica me, Ps. Lamb. 118, 149. He haef[ mon geworhtne aefter his onlicnesse he has created man after [secundum] his own image, Cd. 21; Th. 25, 19 ; Gen. 396. Daet sweord ongan aefter headoswate wanian the sword began to fade away by the warsweat [in consequence of the hot blood], Beo. Th. 3216; B. 1606; Exon. 19 b; Th. 50, 20; Cri. 803: Andr. Kmbl. 156; An. 78: Exon. 45 b; Th. 154, 27; Gu. 849: Bt. Met. Tox 20, 93; Met. 20, 47: Exon, no a; Th. 421, 8; Ra. 40, 15: Beo. Th. 5499; B. 2753 : Cd. 28 ; Th. 37, 19 ; Gen. 592. 4. object, — After, about;
propter, ob, de : — Haele[ fraegn aefter aedelum a chief asked after the heroes, Beo. Th. 670; B. 332. Him aefter dedrum men dyrne langa[ he longs secretly after the dear man, Beo. Th. 3762 ; B. 1879. Grof aefter golde he dug after gold, Bt. Met. Fox 8, 1x3 ; Met. 8, 37 : Elen. Kmbl. 1346 ; El. 675: Beo. Th. 2648; B. 1322: Beo. Th. 2688; B. 1342: Cd. 15;
11
JEFTER — zEG.
Th.iS, 3.,; Gen. 282: Cd.15; Th. 19,14; Gen. 291: Cd. 92 ; Th. 117, 1 20; Gen. 1956 : Cd. 98; Th. 130, 3 ; Gen. 2154: Cd. 203; Th. 251, 30; Dan. 571: Elen. Kmbl. 1 653 ; El. 828: Andr. Kmbl.74; An.37: Beo.Th.4913; B. 2461; Beo. Th. 4917; B. 2463: Beo. Th. 4528; B. 2268. II.
acc; cum accusativo, After , above, according to; post, super, secundum : — iEfter das dagas post kos dies, Lk. Lind. War. 1, 25. He eorpan aefter waeter serest sette qui fundavit terrain super aquas, Ps. Th. 135, 6. Stcfne mine geher aefter mildheortnesse dine, Drihten vocetn meant audi secundum misericordiam tuam, Domine, Ps. Lamb. 118, 149. [O. Sax. aftar, after: O.Frs. efter, after: O.Dut. N.Dut. achter: Ger. after, only in compnd: M. H. Ger. after : O. H. Ger. aftar : Goth, aftra backward, again : Dan. efter : Swed. efter : O. Nrs. eptir, eftir, prep ; aptr, aftr, adv. back, again : Satisk. apara.]
softer; adv. After, then, afterwards; post, postea, exinde : — iEfter siddan ever afterwards, from thenceforth, Cd. 26; Th. 35, 6; Gen. 550. .ffifter to aldre for ever after, Cd. 22 ; Th. 28, 15 ; Gen. 436. Daem eafera waes aefter cenned a son was afterwards born to him, Beo. Th. 24; B. 12. Word aefter cwae]) then he spake these words, Beo. Th. 636; B. 315. -ffir odde aefter sooner .or later, Exon. 32 b; Th. 103, 22; Cri. 1692. Ic wat aefter nu hwa mec ferede ofer flodas now afterwards I know who conveyed me over the floods, Andr. Kmbl. 1808 ; An. 906. Baer sceal ylda cwealm aefter wyrjian then must slaughter of men take place afterwards, 364; An. 182. Swa das foldan faedme bewlndej) des eastrodor and aefter west quantum ortus distat ab occasu, Ps. Th. 102, 12.
seftera, aeftra; adj. compar. of aefter, — Hinder, next, second; posterior, sequens, alter, secundus: — By aefteran daege sequenti die, Lk. Bos. 13, 33. Daes aefteran monies mensis secundi, Ex. 16, 1. On dam for- man daege daes aeftran monies primo die mensis secundi, Num. 1, 18. Seo aeftre, 1. e. e4, Ethiopia land belTge)) uton the next river encom- passes the country of Ethiopia, Cd. 12 ; Th. 15, 4; Gen. 228. Siddan ic ongon on done aefteran anseld bugan after 1 had begun to live in this second hermitage, Exon. 50 b; Th. 176, 22; Gu. 1214.
aefter-boren [ = aeftergenga, q.v.] part. Born after the father's death; posthumus, fElfc. Gr. 47 ; Som. 48, 32.
sefter-cweflan ; p. -cwae}) ; pp. -cweden To speak after, repeat, to answer, revoke, renounce, abjure; repetere, revocare : — Bebead he daet him mon len- gran cwidas beforan cwaede, and he symle gedefellce aeftercwae]) he ordered longer sayings to be spoken before him, and he always repeated them pro- perly, Bd. 3, 2 ; S. 615, 15. His broder grij> eall aeftercwae)) his brother renounced all peace, Chr. 1094; Th. 360, 23. fEftercwedendra lof the praise of the after-speaking [post mortem laudantium], Exon. 82 b; Th. 310, 10; Seef. 72.
sefter-eala, an ; m. After-ale, small beer: — fEfter-eala sapa, fElfc. Gl. 33; Som. 62, 22 ; Wrt. Voc. 28, 5.
sefter-faece ; adv. [aefter after, and the dat. of fsec a space ] Afterwards, after that; postmodum. v. faec.
sefter-folgere, es ; m.A follower ; successor, Ors. 3, II; Bos. 74, 36. aefter-folgian ; p. ode; pp. od To follow after, pursue; subsequi, persequi: — Him aefterfolgiende waeron they were pursuing him, Ors. 1, 10; Bos. 32, 25.
aefter-fylging, e; /. A following after, a sequence ; sectatio, suc- cessio. v. fylging.
eefter-fylian, -filian ; p. de ; pp. ed To follow or come after, to succeed; sequi, prosequi, subsequi : — Daes saes smyltnys aefterfyligej) serenitas maris prosequetur, Bd. 3, 15; S. 541, 35. Daes aefterfiliendan tacnes signi se- quentis, Ex. 4, 8.
aefter-fyligend, -fylgend, es ; m. One who follows or succeeds, a fol- lower ; successor : — Ac Oswald his aefterfyligend hi ge-endade swa we aer beforan saedon sed successor ejus Oswaldus perfecit ut supra docuimus, Bd. 2, 20; S. 521, 36: Bd. 5, 23; S. 646, 2. eefter-fylignes, -ness, e ; /. A following after, a succession, succeeding ; successio. v. fylignes.
aefter-gan [gain to go] To follow after ; subsequi, Past. 15, 2 ? sefter-gencnys, -nyss, e ; /. [gengnys a going 1 Extremity ; extremitas, R. Ben. Interl. 7.
sefter-genga, an ; m. [genga goer]. One who goes or follows after, a follower; successor, posthumus: — Hiftergenga posthumus, aefter boren, se de bi]) geboren aefter bebyrgedum faeder one who is born after the father has been buried, JE\fc. Gr. 47 ; Som. 48, 32. Du me ne derige, ne mlnum aeftergengum ne noceas mihi et posteris meis, Gen. 21, 23. sefter-gengnys, -nyss, e ; f. Succession ; posteritas. v. aefter-gencnys. aefter-gild, -gyld, es ; n. An after-payment, a paying again or in addi- tion; secunda vel iterata compensatio, L. C. S. 24; Th. i. 390, 7. . aefter-hsetu, e;f. [aefter after, haetu heat ] After-heat ; insequens calor; — Mid ungemetllcum haerfest-waetan and aefterhaete from heavy harvest-rains and after-heat, Ors. 3, 3 ; Bos. 55, 23. sefter-hyrigean ; p. de ; pp. ed To follow another’s example, to imitate, resemble; imitari : — He wilnode aefterhyrigean he wished to imitate, Bd. 3, 18 ; S. 545, 44.
sefter-le&n, es ; n. An after-loan, reward, recompense, retribution ; prac- mium,merccs: — pearl aefterlean hard retribution, Cd. 4; Th. 5, 24; Gen. 76.
; aefter-llc; adj. After, second ; secundus. Cot. T91.
ffifterra second; secundus: — Se aefterra deii}) the second death, Bt. 19; Fox 70, 18. Sende he eft aefterran side Srenddracan he sent messengers again a second time, Bd. 2, 12 ; S. 513, 10. v. aeftera.
ssfter-rap, es ; m.An after-rope, a crupper ; postilena, fElfc. Gl. 20 ; Som. 59, 54.
sefter-rldan ; p. -rad, pi. -ridon; pp. -riden To ride after; equo inr sequi : — HIg da sona aefterridon Idelum faerelde secuti sunt eos per viam, Jos. 2, 7.
sefter-ryne, es ; m. An encountering, meeting, running against one ; occursus : — /Efterryne his 6]) to heahnesse his occursus ejus usque ad summum ejus, Ps. Spl. 18, 7.
sefter-sang, es ; m. The after-song ; posterior cantus : — Mid dam aefter- sange with the after-song, L. aElf. P. 31 ; Th. ii. 376, 6. eefter-singend, es ; m.An after-singer; succentor, Wrt. Voc. 28, 21. eefter-spracc, e ; /. After-speech or claim; repostulatio, L. O. 7 ; Th. i. 180, 23.
sefter-sprecan ; p. -spraec, pi. -sprsecon ; pp. -sprecen [sprecan to speak ] To claim ; petere, repetere : — Agnung bi]) ner dam de hsef|>, donne dam de aeftersprec]) possession is always nearer to him who has, than to him who claims, L.Eth. ii. 9; Th. i. 290, 21.
sefter-spyrian, -spyrgean ; p. ede ; pp. ed To inquire after, examine ; examinare: — Gif ge hit willa}) aefterspyrian if ye will examine it, Bt. 16, 2 ; Fox 52, 8. v. spyrian.
mfter-woard After, afterward, following ; posterior, secundus : — Gif he me aefterweard weorj)e]) if he shall be after [afterward] me. Exon. 104 b; Th. 397, 3 ; Rii. 16, 14. v. aefte-weard, weard ; adj. sefter-weardnes, -ness, e ; /. Posterity; posteritas, Cot. 149. ssfter-wearj) beon To be away, absent, Bd. 3,15; S. 542, note 6. v. aefweard.
asfter-yldo, -yld, e ; f. I. after-age, old age; xtas’ provecta : —
Ne magon da acfteryld in dam aerestan blaede geberan they may not produce [show] old age in their first strength [youth], Exon. 39 b; Th. 132,3; Gu. 467. II. an after-age, after-time ; posterius aevum: —
Swa naenig aefteryldo syddan gemunan maeg so as no after-age since can remember, Bd. 1, 14; S. 482, 22.
sefte-weard ; adj. [ = aefter] After, back, late, latter, full ; posterior: — .ffifteweard lencten full spring, Wrt. Voc. 53, 27. JEfteweard heafod the back of the head, 42, 43. Drihten de gesett na on aefteweard the Lord will not set thee in the after-part, Deut. 28, 13.
sefte-wearde ; adv. [aefter, wearde, weardes] Afterward, after, behind; post, pone : — Du gesihst me seftewearde thou shall see me behind. Ex. 33, 23-
aef-panc, es ; m : aef-f)anca, -Jonca, -Jmnca, an ; m. Offence, insult, grudge, displeasure, envy, zeal ; simultas, offensa, odium, zelus : — Swindan me dyde aefpanca min tabescere me fecit zelus meus, Ps. Spl. M. 118, 139. /Efponca gefylled full of grudges. Exon. 83 b; Th. 315, 4; Mod. 26. Eald xf|)oncan edniwedan they have renewed old grudges, 72 b; Th. 271, 20 ; Jul. 485. jEfpancum herian to vex with insults, Cd. 102 ; Th. 135, 3; Gen. 2237.
seftyr after, according to; secundum, Mt. Bos. 9, 29. v. aefter I. 3. sef-weard, xf-ward ; adj. Absent, distant ; absens: — LIcumllce xfward corporaliter absens, Bd. 3, 15 ; S. 542, 6.
sef-weardnes, -ness, e ; f. Absence, removal, posterity ; absentia: — For dlnre aefweardnesse because of thy absence, Bt. 10; Fox 28, 28.
sef-werdelsa, an ; m. Damage, detriment, loss ; detrimentum, dam- num, L. Alf. 27 ; Th. i. 50, 28. v. aef-werdla.
eef-werdla, aef-wyrdla, ae-wyrdla, a-wyrdla, an ; m. [aef of, wyrdan to cor- rupt] Damage, injury, loss, the amercement for it; detrimentum, jactura, damnum : — polie done aefwerdlan [aefwyrdlan MS. H.] let him bear the damage, L. In. 40 ; Th. i. 126, 16 : R. Ben. 2 : Cot. 104.
ae-fyllende ; adj. [ae = law, fyllende part, of fyllan to fill, fulfil] Fol- lowing the law, faithful; legem exsequens : — Seo circe aefyllendra the church of the faithful. Exon. 18 a ; Th. 44, 17 ; Cri. 704.
tefyn, es ; m. The evening : — On aefyn at evening, Cd. 17 ; Th. 20, 22 ; Gen. 313. v. xfen.
se-fyrmpa; pi. f. [ae, fyrmp, e; /. washing ] Ablutions, the sweepings of a house,' the refuse of things or things of no value; ablutiones, quis- quiliae : — ^Efyrmpa [MS. aefyrmpe] quisquilice, iElfc. Gr. 13; Som. 16, 22.
JEG, aeig ; g. aeges ; pi. nom. acc. aegru ; g. aegra ; d. aegrum, segerum ; n. An egg ; ovum : — Gif hit [cild] aeges bitt if he ask for an egg, Homl. Th. i. 250, 9. Baet acg [aeig MS.] getacnaj) done halgan hiht the egg betokens the holy hope, i. 250, 11. Gif he bit aeg si petierit ovum , Lk. Bos. 11, 12. Genlm haenne aeges geolocan take the yolk of a hens egg, L. M. 1,
2 ; Lchdm. ii. 38, 6. Sceiwa nu on Snum aege, hu daet hwlte ne bi[) gemenged to dam geolcan, and bi}) hwxdere an xg look now on an egg, how the white is not mingled with the yolk, and yet it is one egg, Homl. Th. i. 40, 27, 28. On xge bip gioleca on middan in an egg the yolk is in the middle, Bt. Met. Fox 20, 338 ; Met. 20, 169. Of aegerum from eggs, Exon. 59a; Th. 214, 2 ; Ph. 233. TEgru lecgan to lay eggs, Som.
12
MG:— A
1 2 1 . fEges hwlte white of an egg. fEmettan aegru genim take emmet's ' eggs , L. M. i, 87 ; Lchdm. ii. 156, 6. [Ger. ei, n : M. H. Ger. ei, g. eies, eiges, pi. eiger, n : O.H. Ger. ei, g. eies, eiges, pi. eigir, n : Dan. ag, n : Swed. agg, n : O. Nrs. egg, «.] ag, e ; f. water, water land, an island, v. xge, Igg. seg- used in composition, — water, sea ; aqua, mare. der. Sg-flota, aeg- weard. v. ig-.
seg- Ever, always ; semper : either a contraction of the prefixes a, ae, with a g added, as Sg, or derived from aa = a, awa, *w. It is used in compound pronouns and adverbs, as, — aeg-hwa, aeg-hwaer, £g-hwilc, etc ; but, in its place, we also find the prefix a-, as, — a-hwser, a-hwilc, etc. Both aeg- and a- impart to their compounds a sense of universality, mgan to own, Ps. Spl. T. 78, 12 : 138, 12. v. agan. sege fear ; timor, terror, Chr. 1006, Th. 257, 41. v. ege. sege the island; insulam : — fEt edelinga aege at the island of nobles; apud nobilium insulam, Sim. Dunelm. an. 888.